more on this theme     |     more from this text

Single Idea 12901

[filed under theme 13. Knowledge Criteria / C. External Justification / 6. Contextual Justification / b. Invariantism ]

Full Idea

Contextualism seems to predict that if you encounter a knowledge attribution out of context you won't be in a position to grasp which proposition the sentence expresses.

Gist of Idea

If contextualism is right, knowledge sentences are baffling out of their context

Source

Kent Bach (The Emperor's New 'Knows' [2005], I)

Book Ref

'Contextualism in Philosophy', ed/tr. Preyer,G /Peter, G [OUP 2005], p.61

A Reaction

It is only the word 'knows' which is at issue in the sentence. If someone is said to 'know' about the world of the fairies, we might well be puzzled as to what proposition was being expressed. Is the word 'flat' baffling out of context?

The 24 ideas from Kent Bach

12900 How could 'S knows he has hands' not have a fixed content? [Bach]
12901 If contextualism is right, knowledge sentences are baffling out of their context [Bach]
12902 Sceptics aren't changing the meaning of 'know', but claiming knowing is tougher than we think [Bach]
10439 What refers: indefinite or definite or demonstrative descriptions, names, indexicals, demonstratives? [Bach]
10440 An object can be described without being referred to [Bach]
10441 If we can refer to things which change, we can't be obliged to single out their properties [Bach]
10446 Fictional reference is different inside and outside the fiction [Bach]
10447 We can refer to fictional entities if they are abstract objects [Bach]
10442 We can think of an individual without have a uniquely characterizing description [Bach]
10443 You 'allude to', not 'refer to', an individual if you keep their identity vague [Bach]
10444 Definite descriptions can be used to refer, but are not semantically referential [Bach]
10445 It can't be real reference if it could refer to some other thing that satisfies the description [Bach]
10455 Free logic at least allows empty names, but struggles to express non-existence [Bach]
10453 In logic constants play the role of proper names [Bach]
10454 In first-order we can't just assert existence, and it is very hard to deny something's existence [Bach]
10452 Proper names can be non-referential - even predicate as well as attributive uses [Bach]
10456 Millian names struggle with existence, empty names, identities and attitude ascription [Bach]
10457 Since most expressions can be used non-referentially, none of them are inherently referential [Bach]
10459 Context does not create reference; it is just something speakers can exploit [Bach]
10460 'That duck' may not refer to the most obvious one in the group [Bach]
10458 People slide from contextual variability all the way to contextual determination [Bach]
10461 What a pronoun like 'he' refers back to is usually a matter of speaker's intentions [Bach]
10462 Information comes from knowing who is speaking, not just from interpretation of the utterance [Bach]
10463 Just alluding to or describing an object is not the same as referring to it [Bach]