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Full Idea
A 'free' logic is one in which names are permitted to be empty. A 'universally free' logic is one in which the domain of an interpretation may also be empty.
Gist of Idea
A 'free' logic can have empty names, and a 'universally free' logic can have empty domains
Source
David Bostock (Intermediate Logic [1997], 8.6)
Book Ref
Bostock,David: 'Intermediate Logic' [OUP 1997], p.360
8250 | So-called 'free logic' operates without existence assumptions [Meinong, by George/Van Evra] |
13846 | A 'free' logic can have empty names, and a 'universally free' logic can have empty domains [Bostock] |
10455 | Free logic at least allows empty names, but struggles to express non-existence [Bach] |
9672 | Free logic is one of the few first-order non-classical logics [Priest,G] |
11011 | Same say there are positive, negative and neuter free logics [Read] |
13250 | Free logic terms aren't existential; classical is non-empty, with referring names [Beall/Restall] |
8694 | Free logic was developed for fictional or non-existent objects [Friend] |
18767 | Free logics has terms that do not designate real things, and even empty domains [Anderson,CA] |