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Single Idea 14200

[filed under theme 18. Thought / C. Content / 5. Twin Earth ]

Full Idea

The word 'water' used on Twin Earth refers not to water but to this other liquid (XYZ). Yet there is no relevant difference in the mental state of Twin Earth speakers and speakers on Earth (in 1750) to account for this difference of reference.

Gist of Idea

'Water' on Twin Earth doesn't refer to water, but no mental difference can account for this

Source

Hilary Putnam (Reason, Truth and History [1981], Ch.2)

Book Ref

Putnam,Hilary: 'Reason, Truth and History' [CUP 1998], p.23

A Reaction

In this world, if you and I separately meet twins, and I think about this twin while you think about that one, our mental states are different even if they are indistinguishable. I know I'm thinking about my twin, not yours. Indexicals.

The 20 ideas with the same theme [we may not know what we mean by 'water']:

4099 If Twins talking about 'water' and 'XYZ' have different thoughts but identical heads, then thoughts aren't in the head [Putnam, by Crane]
12026 We say ice and steam are different forms of water, but not that they are different forms of H2O [Forbes,G on Putnam]
3208 Does 'water' mean a particular substance that was 'dubbed'? [Putnam, by Rey]
14200 'Water' on Twin Earth doesn't refer to water, but no mental difference can account for this [Putnam]
2343 Reference may be different while mental representation is the same [Putnam]
6990 Keep distinct the essential properties of water, and application conditions for the word 'water' [Jackson]
3408 Two identical brain states could have different contents in different worlds [Kim]
3420 Two types of water are irrelevant to accounts of behaviour [Kim]
15226 What properties a thing must have to be a type of substance can be laid down a priori [Harré/Madden]
2437 XYZ (Twin Earth 'water') is an impossibility [Fodor]
12630 If concept content is reference, then my Twin and I are referring to the same stuff [Fodor]
17378 Presumably molecular structure seems important because we never have the Twin Earth experience [Dupré]
4100 The Twin Earth argument depends on reference being determined by content, which may be false. [Crane]
6633 Twin Earth cases imply that even beliefs about kinds of stuff are indexical [Lowe]
3108 If 'water' has narrow content, it refers to both H2O and XYZ [Segal]
3110 Humans are made of H2O, so 'twins' aren't actually feasible [Segal]
3124 Externalists can't assume old words refer to modern natural kinds [Segal]
15168 That water is essentially H2O in some way concerns how we use 'water' [Sidelle]
14706 Your view of water depends on whether you start from the actual Earth or its counterfactual Twin [Schroeter]
17873 Water must be related to water, just as tigers must be related to tigers [Almog]