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Single Idea 1663
[filed under theme 23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 1. Virtue Theory / a. Nature of virtue
]
Full Idea
Socrates uses the word 'areté' to mean precisely what we mean by moral virtue.
Clarification
'Areté' normally translates as either 'virtue' or 'excellence'
Gist of Idea
By 'areté' Socrates means just what we mean by moral virtue
Source
comment on Socrates (reports of career [c.420 BCE]) by Gregory Vlastos - Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher p.200
Book Ref
Vlastos,Gregory: 'Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher' [CUP 1992], p.200
The
53 ideas
from Socrates
13773
|
For the truth you need Prodicus's fifty-drachma course, not his one-drachma course
[Socrates]
|
343
|
The unexamined life is not worth living for men
[Socrates]
|
7421
|
A philosopher is one who cares about what other people care about
[Socrates, by Foucault]
|
1649
|
Socrates opened philosophy to all, but Plato confined moral enquiry to a tiny elite
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
164
|
It is legitimate to play the devil's advocate
[Socrates]
|
5842
|
Philosophical discussion involves dividing subject-matter into categories
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
1647
|
In Socratic dialogue you must say what you believe, so unasserted premises are not debated
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
648
|
Socrates began the quest for something universal with his definitions, but he didn't make them separate
[Socrates, by Aristotle]
|
115
|
Socrates was pleased if his mistakes were proved wrong
[Socrates]
|
22099
|
The method of Socrates shows the student is discovering the truth within himself
[Socrates, by Carlisle]
|
5844
|
Socrates always proceeded in argument by general agreement at each stage
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
11389
|
Socrates sought essences, which are the basis of formal logic
[Socrates, by Aristotle]
|
639
|
Socrates developed definitions as the basis of syllogisms, and also inductive arguments
[Socrates, by Aristotle]
|
199
|
The common belief is that people can know the best without acting on it
[Socrates]
|
1652
|
Socrates did not consider universals or definitions as having separate existence, but Plato made Forms of them
[Socrates, by Aristotle]
|
1653
|
Socrates did not accept the tripartite soul (which permits akrasia)
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
344
|
If death is like a night of dreamless sleep, such nights are very pleasant
[Socrates]
|
1663
|
By 'areté' Socrates means just what we mean by moral virtue
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
1657
|
Socrates holds that right reason entails virtue, and this must also apply to the gods
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
1662
|
A new concept of God as unswerving goodness emerges from Socrates' commitment to virtue
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
1650
|
For Socrates our soul, though hard to define, is our self
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
23252
|
Socrates first proposed that we are run by mind or reason
[Socrates, by Frede,M]
|
195
|
No one willingly commits an evil or base act
[Socrates]
|
5843
|
People do what they think they should do, and only ever do what they think they should do
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
5253
|
Socrates was shocked by the idea of akrasia, but observation shows that it happens
[Aristotle on Socrates]
|
5839
|
For Socrates, wisdom and prudence were the same thing
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
5867
|
For Socrates, virtues are forms of knowledge, so knowing justice produces justice
[Socrates, by Aristotle]
|
5069
|
Socrates was the first to base ethics upon reason, and use reason to explain it
[Taylor,R on Socrates]
|
5836
|
All human virtues are increased by study and practice
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
5840
|
The wise perform good actions, and people fail to be good without wisdom
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
185
|
Socrates despised good looks
[Socrates, by Plato]
|
5070
|
Socrates conservatively assumed that Athenian conventions were natural and true
[Taylor,R on Socrates]
|
5838
|
A well-made dung basket is fine, and a badly-made gold shield is base, because of function
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
339
|
Men fear death as a great evil when it may be a great blessing
[Socrates]
|
5837
|
Things are both good and fine by the same standard
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
1646
|
Socrates was the first to put 'eudaimonia' at the centre of ethics
[Socrates, by Vlastos]
|
3017
|
The only good is knowledge, and the only evil is ignorance
[Socrates, by Diog. Laertius]
|
2
|
We should not even harm someone who harms us
[Socrates]
|
345
|
A good man cannot be harmed, either in life or in death
[Socrates]
|
4323
|
Socrates is torn between intellectual virtue, which is united and teachable, and natural virtue, which isn't
[PG on Socrates]
|
8003
|
Socrates agrees that virtue is teachable, but then denies that there are teachers
[Socrates, by MacIntyre]
|
126
|
We should ask what sort of people we want to be
[Socrates]
|
23907
|
Courage is scientific knowledge
[Socrates, by Aristotle]
|
346
|
One ought not to return a wrong or injury to any person, whatever the provocation
[Socrates]
|
4111
|
Socrates believed that basically there is only one virtue, the power of right judgement
[Socrates, by Williams,B]
|
7808
|
Socrates made the civic values of justice and friendship paramount
[Socrates, by Grayling]
|
341
|
Wealth is good if it is accompanied by virtue
[Socrates]
|
7585
|
Socrates emphasises that the knower is an existing individual, with existence his main task
[Socrates, by Kierkegaard]
|
5841
|
Obedience to the law gives the best life, and success in war
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
347
|
Will I stand up against the law, simply because I have been unjustly judged?
[Socrates]
|
1661
|
Socrates was the first to grasp that a cruelty is not justified by another cruelty
[Vlastos on Socrates]
|
5846
|
A lover using force is a villain, but a seducer is much worse, because he corrupts character
[Socrates, by Xenophon]
|
338
|
Socrates is accused of denying the gods, saying sun is stone and moon is earth
[Socrates, by Plato]
|