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Single Idea 16779
[filed under theme 9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / c. Types of substance
]
Full Idea
When a piece of wood is divided in two halves, no new substance is generated. But there are now two substances, or the accidents of the two halves would be without a subject. They existed before hand, and were one piece of wood, but not in the same place.
Gist of Idea
Cut wood doesn't make a new substance, but seems to make separate subjects
Source
William of Ockham (Seven Quodlibets [1332], IV.19), quoted by Richard S. Westfall - Never at Rest: a biography of Isaac Newton 26.2
Book Ref
Pasnau,Robert: 'Metaphysical Themes 1274-1671' [OUP 2011], p.611
A Reaction
A nice example, demonstrating that there are substances within substances, contrary to the view of Duns Scotus. If a substance is just a subject for properties, it is hard to know what to make of this case.
The
20 ideas
with the same theme
[varieties of entity that can count as substances]:
593
|
Plato's holds that there are three substances: Forms, mathematical entities, and perceptible bodies
[Plato, by Aristotle]
|
594
|
Speusippus suggested underlying principles for every substance, and ended with a huge list
[Speussipus, by Aristotle]
|
16140
|
Secondary substances do have subjects, so they are not ultimate in the ontology
[Aristotle, by Frede,M]
|
10965
|
In earlier Aristotle the substances were particulars, not kinds
[Aristotle, by Lawson-Tancred]
|
11036
|
A 'primary' substance is in each subject, with species or genera as 'secondary' substances
[Aristotle]
|
16778
|
Mature Aristotle sees organisms as the paradigm substances
[Aristotle, by Pasnau]
|
600
|
Elements and physical objects are substances, but ideas and mathematics are not so clear
[Aristotle]
|
16084
|
Is a primary substance a foundation of existence, or the last stage of understanding?
[Aristotle, by Gill,ML]
|
1681
|
Units are positionless substances, and points are substances with position
[Aristotle]
|
16779
|
Cut wood doesn't make a new substance, but seems to make separate subjects
[William of Ockham]
|
16616
|
Substances 'substand' (beneath accidents), or 'subsist' (independently)
[Eustachius]
|
1196
|
We can conceive of three sorts of substance: God, finite intelligence, and bodies
[Locke]
|
12536
|
We sort and name substances by nominal and not by real essence
[Locke]
|
7558
|
Substances mirror God or the universe, each from its own viewpoint
[Leibniz]
|
13171
|
Substance must necessarily involve progress and change
[Leibniz]
|
13161
|
Substances are everywhere in matter, like points in a line
[Leibniz]
|
4304
|
Descartes says there are two substance, Spinoza one, and Leibniz infinitely many
[Cottingham]
|
7019
|
Maybe there is only one substance, space-time or a quantum field
[Heil]
|
13068
|
We can ask for the nature of substance, about type of substance, and about individual substances
[Cover/O'Leary-Hawthorne]
|
16615
|
Scholastics use 'substantia' for thick concrete entities, and for thin metaphysical ones
[Pasnau]
|