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Single Idea 17506

[filed under theme 19. Language / B. Reference / 3. Direct Reference / b. Causal reference ]

Full Idea

In previous papers I suggested that the reference is fixed by a test known to experts; it now seems to me that this is just a special case of my use being causally connected to an introducing event.

Gist of Idea

I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected

Source

Hilary Putnam (Explanation and Reference [1973], II C)

Book Ref

Putnam,Hilary: 'Mind Language and Reality: Papers vol 2' [CUP 1975], p.205


A Reaction

I think he was probably right the first time, and has now wandered off course.


The 6 ideas from 'Explanation and Reference'

Putnam bases essences on 'same kind', but same kinds may not share properties [Mackie,P on Putnam]
Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms [Putnam, by Mackie,P]
Using proper names properly doesn't involve necessary and sufficient conditions [Putnam]
Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum) [Putnam]
I now think reference by the tests of experts is a special case of being causally connected [Putnam]
Science aims at truth, not at 'simplicity' [Putnam]