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Single Idea 17507
[filed under theme 26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 5. Reference to Natural Kinds
]
Full Idea
Natural kinds can be associated with 'strong' stereotypes (giving a strong picture of a typical member, like a tiger), or with 'weak' stereotypes (with no idea of a sufficient condition, such as molybdenum or elm).
Gist of Idea
Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum)
Source
Hilary Putnam (Explanation and Reference [1973], II C)
Book Ref
Putnam,Hilary: 'Mind Language and Reality: Papers vol 2' [CUP 1975], p.205
The
13 ideas
with the same theme
[how language terms refer to natural kinds]:
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16782
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The names of all the types of creature were given forever by Adam
[Anon (Tor)]
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11904
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Express natural kinds as a posteriori predicate connections, not as singular terms
[Putnam, by Mackie,P]
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17507
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Natural kind stereotypes are 'strong' (obvious, like tiger) or 'weak' (obscure, like molybdenum)
[Putnam]
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2342
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"Water" is a natural kind term, but "H2O" is a description
[Putnam]
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8873
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The cause of a usage determines meaning, but why is the microstructure of water relevant?
[Davidson]
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4963
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The properties that fix reference are contingent, the properties involving meaning are necessary
[Kripke]
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17056
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Terms for natural kinds are very close to proper names
[Kripke]
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18891
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Nothing in the direct theory of reference blocks anti-essentialism; water structure might have been different
[Salmon,N]
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15701
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Nouns seem to invoke stable kinds more than predicates do
[Gelman]
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6764
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Nominal essence of a natural kind is the features that make it fit its name
[Bird]
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6766
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Jadeite and nephrite are superficially identical, but have different composition
[Bird]
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6808
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Reference to scientific terms is by explanatory role, not by descriptions
[Bird]
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13284
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Should vernacular classifications ever be counted as natural kind terms?
[Koslicki]
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