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Single Idea 17549

[filed under theme 26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 2. Types of Laws ]

Full Idea

Science has seven closed systems of concepts and axioms: Newtonian mechanics; the theory of heat; electricity and magnetism; quantum theory; the theory of elementary particles; general relativity; and the theory of organic life.

Gist of Idea

Seven theories in science: mechanics, heat, electricity, quantum, particles, relativity, life

Source

report of Werner Heisenberg (Physics and Philosophy [1958], 06) by PG - Db (ideas)

Book Ref

Heisenberg,Werner: 'Physics and Philosophy' [Penguin 1989], p.86

A Reaction

[my summary of pp.86-88 and 92] It is interesting to have spelled out that there are number of 'closed' theories, which are only loosely connected to one another. New discoveries launch whole new theories, instead of being subsumed.

The 17 ideas from 'Physics and Philosophy'

17536 If it can't be expressed mathematically, it can't occur in nature? [Heisenberg]
17534 A 'probability wave' is a quantitative version of Aristotle's potential, a mid-way type of reality [Heisenberg]
17533 Radiation interference needs waves, but radiation photoelectric effects needs particles [Heisenberg]
17532 An atom's stability after collisions needs explaining (which Newton's mechanics can't do) [Heisenberg]
17537 Position is complementary to velocity or momentum, so the whole system is indeterminate [Heisenberg]
17538 Quantum theory does not introduce minds into atomic events [Heisenberg]
17544 Basic particles have a mathematical form, which is more important than their substance [Heisenberg]
17543 So-called 'empty' space is the carrier of geometry and kinematics [Heisenberg]
17540 Energy is that which moves, and is the substance from which everything is made [Heisenberg]
17541 Energy is an unchanging substance, having many forms, and causing all change [Heisenberg]
17545 Quantum theory shows that exact science does not need dogmatic realism [Heisenberg]
17550 We give a mathematical account of a system of natural connections in order to clarify them [Heisenberg]
17548 Maxwell introduced real fields, which transferred forces from point to point [Heisenberg]
17549 Seven theories in science: mechanics, heat, electricity, quantum, particles, relativity, life [Heisenberg, by PG]
17552 In relativity the length of the 'present moment' is relative to distance from the observer [Heisenberg]
17551 It was formerly assumed that electromagnetic waves could not be a reality in themselves [Heisenberg]
17553 We can retain the idea of 'substance', as indestructible mass or energy [Heisenberg]