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Single Idea 18688
[filed under theme 18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / f. Theory theory of concepts
]
Full Idea
Some kinds of knowledge are probably directly incorporated into the category representation and used in normal, fast decisions about objects. Other kinds of knowledge, however, may come into play only when it has been solicited.
Gist of Idea
Some knowledge is involved in instant use of categories, other knowledge in explanations
Source
Gregory L. Murphy (The Big Book of Concepts [2004], Ch. 6)
Book Ref
Murphy,Gregory L.: 'The Big Book of Concepts' [MIT 2004], p.168
A Reaction
This is a summary of empirical research, but seems to fit our normal experience. If you see a hawk, you have some instant understanding, but if you ask what the hawk is doing here, you draw more widely.
The
24 ideas
from Gregory L. Murphy
17973
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The theoretical and practical definitions for the classical view are very hard to find
[Murphy]
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17969
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The classical definitional approach cannot distinguish typical and atypical category members
[Murphy]
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17970
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Classical concepts follow classical logic, but concepts in real life don't work that way
[Murphy]
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17971
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Classical concepts are transitive hierarchies, but actual categories may be intransitive
[Murphy]
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17972
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The classical core is meant to be the real concept, but actually seems unimportant
[Murphy]
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17974
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The most popular theories of concepts are based on prototypes or exemplars
[Murphy]
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17977
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The exemplar view of concepts says 'dogs' is the set of dogs I remember
[Murphy]
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17978
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We do not learn concepts in isolation, but as an integrated part of broader knowledge
[Murphy]
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17975
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There is no 'ideal' bird or dog, and prototypes give no information about variability
[Murphy]
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17976
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Prototypes are unified representations of the entire category (rather than of members)
[Murphy]
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18691
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The prototype theory uses observed features, but can't include their construction
[Murphy]
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18687
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Concepts with familiar contents are easier to learn
[Murphy]
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18688
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Some knowledge is involved in instant use of categories, other knowledge in explanations
[Murphy]
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18689
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People categorise things consistent with their knowledge, even rejecting some good evidence
[Murphy]
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18690
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Induction is said to just compare properties of categories, but the type of property also matters
[Murphy]
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17980
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The main theories of concepts are exemplar, prototype and knowledge
[Murphy]
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17979
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Research shows perceptual discrimination is sharper at category boundaries
[Murphy]
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17982
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Exemplar theory struggles with hierarchical classification and with induction
[Murphy]
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17981
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Children using knowing and essentialist categories doesn't fit the exemplar view
[Murphy]
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17984
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Conceptual combination must be compositional, and can't be built up from exemplars
[Murphy]
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17987
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The concept of birds from exemplars must also be used in inductions about birds
[Murphy]
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17983
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The prototype theory handles hierarchical categories and combinations of concepts well
[Murphy]
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17985
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Prototypes theory of concepts is best, as a full description with weighted typical features
[Murphy]
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17986
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Learning concepts is forming prototypes with a knowledge structure
[Murphy]
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