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Single Idea 19954
[filed under theme 27. Natural Reality / B. Modern Physics / 5. Unified Models / b. String theory
]
Full Idea
String theory has more than 10-to-the-500th solutions, each describing a different sort of universe, so it is nigh-on impossible to find the one solution that corresponds to our geometrically flat, expanding space-time full of particles.
Gist of Idea
It is impossible for find a model of actuality among the innumerable models in string theory
Source
New Scientist writers (New Scientist articles [2013], 2015.11.07)
Book Ref
-: 'New Scientist magazine' [ 2013], p.32
The
67 ideas
from New Scientist writers
19947
|
Hilbert Space is an abstraction representing all possible states of a quantum system
[New Sci.]
|
17604
|
We are halfway to synthesising any molecule we want
[New Sci.]
|
17603
|
Chemistry just needs the periodic table, and protons, electrons and neutrinos
[New Sci.]
|
19476
|
String theory needs at least 10 space-time dimensions
[New Sci.]
|
19478
|
Light moves at a constant space-time speed, but its direction is in neither space nor time
[New Sci.]
|
19477
|
General relativity predicts black holes, as former massive stars, and as galaxy centres
[New Sci.]
|
19475
|
Relativity makes time and space jointly basic; quantum theory splits them, and prioritises time
[New Sci.]
|
19474
|
Quantum states are measured by external time, of unknown origin
[New Sci.]
|
19473
|
The Schrödinger equation describes the evolution of an object's wave function in Hilbert space
[New Sci.]
|
16420
|
84.5 percent of the universe is made of dark matter
[New Sci.]
|
16419
|
No one has yet devised a rationality test
[New Sci.]
|
16417
|
About a third of variation in human intelligence is environmental
[New Sci.]
|
16418
|
People can be highly intelligent, yet very stupid
[New Sci.]
|
19482
|
Current physics says matter and antimatter should have reduced to light at the big bang
[New Sci.]
|
19483
|
CP violation shows a decay imbalance in matter and antimatter, leading to matter's dominance
[New Sci.]
|
19484
|
Psychologists measure personality along five dimensions
[New Sci.]
|
19954
|
It is impossible for find a model of actuality among the innumerable models in string theory
[New Sci.]
|
19952
|
Black holes have entropy, but general relativity says they are unstructured, and lack entropy
[New Sci.]
|
19955
|
Space-time may be a geometrical manifestation of quantum entanglement
[New Sci.]
|
19953
|
In string theory space-time has a grainy indivisible substructure
[New Sci.]
|
19736
|
Neural networks can extract the car-ness of a car, or the chair-ness of a chair
[New Sci.]
|
19737
|
A system can infer the structure of the world by making predictions about it
[New Sci.]
|
19949
|
Quantum theory relies on a clock outside the system - but where is it located?
[New Sci.]
|
19950
|
Entropy is the only time-asymmetric law, so time may be linked to entropy
[New Sci.]
|
19948
|
Einstein's merging of time with space has left us confused about the nature of time
[New Sci.]
|
19951
|
Entropy is puzzling, so we may need to build new laws which include time directionality
[New Sci.]
|
21138
|
Neutrons are slightly heavier than protons, and decay into them by emitting an electron
[New Sci.]
|
21141
|
Neutrinos were proposed as the missing energy in neutron beta decay
[New Sci.]
|
21142
|
Classifying hadrons revealed two symmetry patterns, produced by three basic elements
[New Sci.]
|
21144
|
Top, bottom, charm and strange quarks quickly decay into up and down
[New Sci.]
|
21143
|
Quarks in threes can build hadrons with spin ½ or with spin 3/2
[New Sci.]
|
21140
|
Spin is a built-in ration of angular momentum
[New Sci.]
|
21155
|
Photons have zero rest mass, so virtual photons have infinite range
[New Sci.]
|
21154
|
Three particles enable the weak force: W+ and W- are charged, and Z° is not
[New Sci.]
|
21149
|
Quarks have red, green or blue colour charge (akin to electric charge)
[New Sci.]
|
21150
|
Three different colours of quark (as in the proton) can cancel out to give no colour
[New Sci.]
|
21159
|
Supersymmetry has extra heavy bosons and heavy fermions
[New Sci.]
|
21156
|
The weak force particles are heavy, so the force has a short range
[New Sci.]
|
21146
|
Electrons move fast, so are subject to special relativity
[New Sci.]
|
21158
|
Fermions, with spin ½, are antisocial, and cannot share quantum states
[New Sci.]
|
21148
|
The strong force is repulsive at short distances, strong at medium, and fades at long
[New Sci.]
|
21152
|
The strong force binds quarks tight, and the nucleus more weakly
[New Sci.]
|
21151
|
Gluons, the particles carrying the strong force, interact because of their colour charge
[New Sci.]
|
21145
|
The four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, weak and strong) are the effects of particles
[New Sci.]
|
21153
|
The weak force explains beta decay, and the change of type by quarks and leptons
[New Sci.]
|
21157
|
Particles are spread out, with wave-like properties, and higher energy shortens the wavelength
[New Sci.]
|
21160
|
The Higgs field means even low energy space is not empty
[New Sci.]
|
21147
|
Quantum electrodynamics incorporates special relativity and quantum mechanics
[New Sci.]
|
21162
|
Only supersymmetry offers to incorporate gravity into the scheme
[New Sci.]
|
21161
|
In the standard model all the fundamental force fields merge at extremely high energies
[New Sci.]
|
21164
|
Why do the charges of the very different proton and electron perfectly match up?
[New Sci.]
|
21165
|
Spin is akin to rotation, and is easily measured in a magnetic field
[New Sci.]
|
21163
|
The mass of protons and neutrinos is mostly binding energy, not the quarks
[New Sci.]
|
21168
|
Gravitional mass turns out to be the same as inertial mass
[New Sci.]
|
21166
|
Standard antineutrinos have opposite spin and opposite lepton number
[New Sci.]
|
21167
|
Gravity is unusual, in that it always attracts and never repels
[New Sci.]
|
21169
|
Only neutrinos spin anticlockwise
[New Sci.]
|
21170
|
The Standard Model cannot explain dark energy, survival of matter, gravity, or force strength
[New Sci.]
|
21171
|
The symmetry of unified electromagnetic and weak forces was broken by the Higgs field
[New Sci.]
|
21172
|
The evidence for supersymmetry keeps failing to appear
[New Sci.]
|
21173
|
Supersymmetry says particles and superpartners were unities, but then split
[New Sci.]
|
21174
|
Dark matter must have mass, to produce gravity, and no electric charge, to not reflect light
[New Sci.]
|
21175
|
String theory might be tested by colliding strings to make bigger 'stringballs'
[New Sci.]
|
21177
|
String theory offers a quantum theory of gravity, by describing the graviton
[New Sci.]
|
21178
|
String theory is now part of 11-dimensional M-Theory, involving p-branes
[New Sci.]
|
21176
|
In the Big Bang general relativity fails, because gravity is too powerful
[New Sci.]
|
21179
|
Supersymmetric string theory can be expressed using loop quantum gravity
[New Sci.]
|