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Single Idea 20292
[filed under theme 19. Language / E. Analyticity / 1. Analytic Propositions
]
Full Idea
One could call an analytic judgement one of clarification ...since the predicate does not add anything to the concept of the subject, but only breaks it up by means of analysis into its component concepts.
Gist of Idea
Analytic judgements clarify, by analysing the subject into its component predicates
Source
Immanuel Kant (Critique of Pure Reason [1781], B011/A7)
Book Ref
Kant,Immanuel: 'Critique of Pure Reason', ed/tr. Guyer,P /Wood,A W [CUO 1998], p.130
A Reaction
This is a very illuminating view of the concept, which seems to have fallen into disrepute. If we ask what predicates are contained in 'tree', we may quickly have to embrace essentialism, to decide which predicates matter.
The
219 ideas
from 'Critique of Pure Reason'
22052
|
Kant's nature is just a system of necessary laws
[Bowie on Kant]
|
8256
|
Kant identifies nature with the scientific picture of it as the realm of law
[Kant, by McDowell]
|
6916
|
For Kant, essence is mental and a mere idea, and existence is the senses and mere appearance
[Kant, by Feuerbach]
|
9755
|
The concept of causality entails laws; random causality is a contradiction
[Kant, by Korsgaard]
|
17709
|
We judge causation by relating events together by some law of nature
[Kant, by Mares]
|
19669
|
For Kant the laws must be necessary, because contingency would destroy representation
[Kant, by Meillassoux]
|
19672
|
Kant fails to prove the necessity of laws, because his reasoning about chance is over-ambitious
[Meillassoux on Kant]
|
8451
|
Existence is merely derived from the word 'is' (rather than being a predicate)
[Kant, by Orenstein]
|
3321
|
Modern logic says (with Kant) that existence is not a predicate, because it has been reclassified as a quantifier
[Benardete,JA on Kant]
|
13732
|
Kant never denied that 'exist' could be a predicate - only that it didn't enlarge concepts
[Kant, by Fitting/Mendelsohn]
|
7918
|
Kant turned metaphysics into epistemology, ignoring Aristotle's 'being qua being'
[Kant, by Macdonald,C]
|
18236
|
Reason keeps asking why until explanation is complete
[Kant, by Korsgaard]
|
9752
|
Kant showed that theoretical reason cannot give answers to speculative metaphysics
[Kant, by Korsgaard]
|
6584
|
A priori metaphysics is fond of basic unchanging entities like God, the soul, Forms, atoms…
[Kant, by Fogelin]
|
21462
|
It is still possible to largely accept Kant as a whole (where others must be dismantled)
[Kant, by Gardner]
|
12767
|
Kant exposed the illusions of reason in the Transcendental Dialectic
[Kant, by Fraassen]
|
9632
|
Kant only accepts potential infinity, not actual infinity
[Kant, by Brown,JR]
|
3343
|
Euclid's could be the only viable geometry, if rejection of the parallel line postulate doesn't lead to a contradiction
[Benardete,JA on Kant]
|
8739
|
Geometry studies the Euclidean space that dictates how we perceive things
[Kant, by Shapiro]
|
12421
|
Kant's intuitions struggle to judge relevance, impossibility and exactness
[Kitcher on Kant]
|
12458
|
Kant taught that mathematics is independent of logic, and cannot be grounded in it
[Kant, by Hilbert]
|
7416
|
Kant is read as the phenomena being 'contrained' by the noumenon, or 'free-floating'
[Talbot on Kant]
|
6160
|
Does Kant say the mind imposes categories, or that it restricts us to them?
[Rowlands on Kant]
|
17772
|
Kant claims causal powers are relational rather than intrinsic
[Kant, by Bayne]
|
7576
|
The Identity of Indiscernibles is true of concepts with identical properties, but not of particulars
[Kant, by Jolley]
|
23461
|
Kant thought worldly necessities are revealed by what maths needs to make sense
[Kant, by Morris,M]
|
14710
|
Necessity is always knowable a priori, and what is known a priori is always necessary
[Kant, by Schroeter]
|
16256
|
For Kant metaphysics must be necessary, so a priori, so can't be justified by experience
[Kant, by Maudlin]
|
20944
|
Knowledge is threefold: apprehension, reproduction by imagination, recognition by concepts
[Kant, by Bowie]
|
15627
|
Kant showed that the understanding (unlike reason) concerns what is finite and conditioned
[Kant, by Hegel]
|
16898
|
Understanding essentially involves singular elements
[Kant, by Burge]
|
22003
|
We have no sensual experience of time and space, so they must be 'ideal'
[Kant, by Pinkard]
|
21456
|
Objects having to be experiencable is not the same as full idealism
[Gardner on Kant]
|
6909
|
In Kantian idealism, objects fit understanding, not vice versa
[Kant, by Feuerbach]
|
6910
|
Kant's idealism is a limited idealism based on the viewpoint of empiricism
[Kant, by Feuerbach]
|
21440
|
For Kant experience is either structured like reality, or generates reality's structure
[Kant, by Gardner]
|
22006
|
The concepts that make judgeable experiences possible are created spontaneously
[Kant, by Pinkard]
|
9156
|
Kant's shift of view enables us to see a priority in terms of mental capacity, not truth and propositions
[Burge on Kant]
|
7575
|
A priori knowledge is limited to objects of possible experience
[Kant, by Jolley]
|
5404
|
Two plus two objects make four objects even if experience is impossible, so Kant is wrong
[Russell on Kant]
|
3342
|
Seeing that only one parallel can be drawn to a line through a given point is clearly synthetic a priori
[Kant, by Benardete,JA]
|
20943
|
Kant bases the synthetic a priori on the categories of oneness and manyness
[Kant, by Bowie]
|
5402
|
Kant showed that we have a priori knowledge which is not purely analytic
[Kant, by Russell]
|
5203
|
We can think of 7 and 5 without 12, but it is still a contradiction to deny 7+5=12
[Ayer on Kant]
|
5403
|
If, as Kant says, arithmetic and logic are contributed by us, they could change if we did
[Russell on Kant]
|
18262
|
For Kant analytic knowledge needs complex concepts, but the a priori can rest on the simple
[Coffa on Kant]
|
2774
|
Kant says the cognitive and sensory elements in experience can't be separated
[Kant, by Dancy,J]
|
22005
|
Associations and causes cannot explain content, which needs norms of judgement
[Kant, by Pinkard]
|
6577
|
For Kant, our conceptual scheme is disastrous when it reaches beyond experience
[Kant, by Fogelin]
|
8736
|
Kantian intuitions are of particulars, and they give immediate knowledge
[Kant, by Shapiro]
|
7070
|
Kant says knowledge is when our representations sufficiently conform to our concepts
[Kant, by Critchley]
|
4708
|
Kant thought he had refuted scepticism, but his critics say he is a sceptic, for rejecting reality
[O'Grady on Kant]
|
6578
|
For Kant, experience is relative to a scheme, but there are no further possible schemes
[Kant, by Fogelin]
|
4086
|
Kant thought that consciousness depends on self-consciousness ('apperception')
[Kant, by Crane]
|
2869
|
Kant's only answer as to how synthetic a priori judgements are possible was that we have a 'faculty'!
[Nietzsche on Kant]
|
9751
|
To some extent we must view ourselves as noumena
[Kant, by Korsgaard]
|
9756
|
We must be free, because we can act against our strongest desires
[Kant, by Korsgaard]
|
8687
|
Kantian 'intuition' is the bridge between pure reason and its application to sense experiences
[Kant, by Friend]
|
21759
|
Kant deduced the categories from our judgements, and then as preconditions of experience
[Kant, by Houlgate]
|
19655
|
Kant says we can describe the categories of thought, but Hegel claims to deduce them
[Kant, by Meillassoux]
|
8735
|
Kant implies that concepts have analysable parts
[Kant, by Shapiro]
|
8734
|
Non-subject/predicate tautologies won't fit Kant's definition of analyticity
[Shapiro on Kant]
|
7314
|
How can bachelor 'contain' unmarried man? Are all analytic truths in subject-predicate form?
[Miller,A on Kant]
|
22004
|
Concepts are rules for combining representations
[Kant, by Pinkard]
|
21439
|
Religion and legislation can only be respected if they accept free and public examination
[Kant]
|
18794
|
Logic has precise boundaries, and is the formal rules for all thinking
[Kant]
|
21438
|
Metaphysics might do better to match objects to our cognition (and not start with the objects)
[Kant]
|
9345
|
Propositions involving necessity are a priori, and pure a priori if they only derive from other necessities
[Kant]
|
12414
|
A priori knowledge occurs absolutely independently of all experience
[Kant]
|
16893
|
The apriori is independent of its sources, and marked by necessity and generality
[Kant, by Burge]
|
9346
|
Judgements which are essentially and strictly universal reveal our faculty of a priori cognition
[Kant]
|
9347
|
A priori knowledge is indispensable for the possibility and certainty of experience
[Kant]
|
5523
|
Causation obviously involves necessity, so it cannot just be frequent association
[Kant]
|
9348
|
Experienceless bodies have space; propertyless bodies have substance; this must be seen a priori
[Kant]
|
9349
|
A dove cutting through the air, might think it could fly better in airless space (which Plato attempted)
[Kant]
|
9350
|
Our reason mostly analyses concepts we already have of objects
[Kant]
|
9351
|
One sort of a priori knowledge just analyses given concepts, but another ventures further
[Kant]
|
20291
|
If the predicate is contained in the subject of a judgement, it is analytic; otherwise synthetic
[Kant]
|
20292
|
Analytic judgements clarify, by analysing the subject into its component predicates
[Kant]
|
18259
|
Analysis is becoming self-conscious about our concepts
[Kant]
|
5524
|
Maths must be a priori because it is necessary, and that cannot be derived from experience
[Kant]
|
5525
|
No analysis of the sum of seven and five will in itself reveal twelve
[Kant]
|
5526
|
With large numbers it is obvious that we could never find the sum by analysing the concepts
[Kant]
|
5527
|
That a straight line is the shortest is synthetic, as straight does not imply any quantity
[Kant]
|
5528
|
That force and counter-force are equal is necessary, and a priori synthetic
[Kant]
|
5529
|
The real problem of pure reason is: how are a priori synthetic judgments possible?
[Kant]
|
16611
|
You just can't stop metaphysical speculation, in any mature mind
[Kant]
|
5530
|
Analysis of our concepts is merely a preparation for proper a priori metaphysics
[Kant]
|
21442
|
'Transcendental' cognition concerns what can be known a priori of its mode
[Kant]
|
23454
|
Appearances have a 'form', which indicates a relational order
[Kant]
|
17736
|
We can't learn of space through experience; experience of space needs its representation
[Kant]
|
5531
|
Space is an a priori necessary basic intuition, as we cannot imagine its absence
[Kant]
|
5532
|
Colours and tastes are not qualities of things, but alterations of the subject
[Kant]
|
5533
|
Objects in themselves are not known to us at all
[Kant]
|
5534
|
One can never imagine appearances without time, so it is given a priori
[Kant]
|
5535
|
That times cannot be simultaneous is synthetic, so it is known by intuition, not analysis
[Kant]
|
5536
|
If space and time exist absolutely, we must assume the existence of two pointless non-entities
[Kant]
|
19386
|
Without the subject or the senses, space and time vanish, as their appearances disappear
[Kant]
|
21446
|
If we disappeared, then all relations of objects, and time and space themselves, disappear too
[Kant]
|
21445
|
Even the most perfect intuition gets no closer to things in themselves
[Kant]
|
5537
|
That two lines cannot enclose a space is an intuitive a priori synthetic proposition
[Kant]
|
5538
|
Understanding has no intuitions, and senses no thought, so knowledge needs their unity
[Kant]
|
17616
|
Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind
[Kant]
|
5539
|
We must presuppose that truth is agreement of cognition with its objects
[Kant]
|
5540
|
Cleverness is shown in knowing what can reasonably be asked
[Kant]
|
5541
|
A sufficient but general sign of truth cannot possibly be provided
[Kant]
|
5542
|
There must be a general content-free account of truth in the rules of logic
[Kant]
|
5543
|
All human cognition is through concepts
[Kant]
|
22443
|
We are seldom aware of imagination, but we would have no cognition at all without it
[Kant]
|
5544
|
Four groups of categories of concept: Quantity, Quality, Relation and Modality
[Kant]
|
5545
|
Appearances give rules of what usually happens, but cause involves necessity
[Kant]
|
5546
|
Are a priori concepts necessary as a precondition for something to be an object?
[Kant]
|
5547
|
The categories are objectively valid, because they make experience possible
[Kant]
|
21449
|
The a priori concept of objects in general is the ground of experience
[Kant]
|
21448
|
Categories are general concepts of objects, which determine the way in which they are experienced
[Kant]
|
21450
|
Representation would be impossible without the 'I think' that accompanies it
[Kant]
|
5549
|
Mental representations would not be mine if they did not belong to a unified self-consciousness
[Kant]
|
5550
|
A substance could exist as a subject, but not as a mere predicate
[Kant]
|
5551
|
I have no cognition of myself as I am, but only as I appear to myself
[Kant]
|
23697
|
I exist just as an intelligence aware of its faculty for combination
[Kant]
|
5552
|
Categories are concepts that prescribe laws a priori to appearances
[Kant]
|
5553
|
Either experience creates concepts, or concepts make experience possible
[Kant]
|
5554
|
Categories are necessary, so can't be implanted in us to agree with natural laws
[Kant]
|
5555
|
Philosophical examples rarely fit rules properly, and lead to inflexibility
[Kant]
|
5556
|
A pure concept of the understanding can never become an image
[Kant]
|
8737
|
Kant suggested that arithmetic has no axioms
[Kant, by Shapiro]
|
5557
|
Axioms ought to be synthetic a priori propositions
[Kant]
|
2795
|
If 7+5=12 is analytic, then an infinity of other ways to reach 12 have to be analytic
[Kant, by Dancy,J]
|
5558
|
7+5=12 is not analytic, because 12 is not contained in 7 or 5 or their combination
[Kant]
|
5559
|
Sensations are a posteriori, but that they come in degrees is known a priori
[Kant]
|
5560
|
The three modes of time are persistence, succession and simultaneity
[Kant]
|
21451
|
All appearances need substance, as that which persists through change
[Kant]
|
5561
|
If time involved succession, we must think of another time in which succession occurs
[Kant]
|
5562
|
Experience is only possible because we subject appearances to causal laws
[Kant]
|
5563
|
The principle of sufficient reason is the ground of possible experience in time
[Kant]
|
14560
|
A ball denting a pillow seems like simultaneous cause and effect, though time identifies which is cause
[Kant]
|
5564
|
Substance must exist, as the persisting substratum of the process of change
[Kant]
|
5565
|
Proof of the principle of sufficient reason cannot be found
[Kant]
|
18796
|
Formal experience conditions show what is possible, and general conditions what is necessary
[Kant]
|
18797
|
Modalities do not augment our concepts; they express their relation to cognition
[Kant]
|
21452
|
I can only determine my existence in time via external things
[Kant]
|
5566
|
Is the possible greater than the actual, and the actual greater than the necessary?
[Kant]
|
8740
|
Geometry would just be an idle game without its connection to our intuition
[Kant]
|
17617
|
Maths is a priori, but without its relation to empirical objects it is meaningless
[Kant]
|
5567
|
A priori the understanding can only anticipate possible experiences
[Kant]
|
5568
|
We cannot know things in themselves, but are confined to appearances
[Kant]
|
5569
|
We cannot represent objects unless we combine concepts with intuitions
[Kant]
|
14509
|
If we ignore differences between water drops, we still distinguish them by their location
[Kant]
|
5570
|
Self-knowledge can only be inner sensation, and thus appearance
[Kant]
|
22274
|
'Transcendent' is beyond experience, and 'transcendental' is concealed within experience
[Kant, by Potter]
|
5571
|
Reason contains within itself certain underived concepts and principles
[Kant]
|
5572
|
Reason has logical and transcendental faculties
[Kant]
|
5573
|
Reason is distinct from understanding, and is the faculty of rules or principles
[Kant]
|
5575
|
An obvious idea is a constitution based on maximum mutual freedom for citizens
[Kant]
|
5576
|
We cannot derive moral laws from experience, as it is the mother of illusion
[Kant]
|
5577
|
Transcendental ideas require unity of the subject, conditions of appearance, and objects of thought
[Kant]
|
5578
|
Pure reason deals with concepts in the understanding, not with objects
[Kant]
|
5581
|
We have proved that bodies are appearances of the outer senses, not things in themselves
[Kant]
|
5582
|
As balls communicate motion, so substances could communicate consciousness, but not retain identity
[Kant]
|
5583
|
We need an account of the self based on rational principles, to avoid materialism
[Kant]
|
5584
|
All objections are dogmatic (against propositions), or critical (against proofs), or sceptical
[Kant]
|
5585
|
Soul and body connect physically, or by harmony, or by assistance
[Kant]
|
5586
|
The voyage of reason may go only as far as the coastline of experience reaches
[Kant]
|
2965
|
For Kant the self is a purely formal idea, not a substance
[Kant, by Lockwood]
|
5589
|
Neither materialism nor spiritualism can reveal the separate existence of the soul
[Kant]
|
5590
|
'I think therefore I am' is an identity, not an inference (as there is no major premise)
[Kant]
|
5591
|
Reason must assume as necessary that everything in a living organism has a proportionate purpose
[Kant]
|
5592
|
Scepticism is the euthanasia of pure reason
[Kant]
|
5593
|
Reason generates no concepts, but frees them from their link to experience in the understanding
[Kant]
|
5594
|
Natural necessity is the unconditioned necessity of appearances
[Kant]
|
21454
|
The battle of the antinomies is usually won by the attacker, and lost by any defender
[Kant]
|
5595
|
Scepticism is absurd in maths, where there are no hidden false assertions
[Kant]
|
5596
|
We must assume an absolute causal spontaneity beginning from itself
[Kant]
|
5597
|
If there is a first beginning, there can be other sequences initiated from nothing
[Kant]
|
5598
|
If you prove God cosmologically, by a regress in the sequences of causes, you can't abandon causes at the end
[Kant]
|
5599
|
Without God, creation and free will, morality would be empty
[Kant]
|
5600
|
Human reason considers all knowledge as belonging to a possible system
[Kant]
|
21956
|
Everything we intuit is merely a representation, with no external existence (Transcendental Idealism)
[Kant]
|
5601
|
There are possible inhabitants of the moon, but they are just possible experiences
[Kant]
|
5602
|
The free dialectic opposition of arguments is an invaluable part of the sceptical method
[Kant]
|
21455
|
We only understand what exists, and can find no sign of what ought to be in nature
[Kant]
|
5603
|
Pure reason exists outside of time
[Kant]
|
5604
|
In reason things can only begin if they are voluntary
[Kant]
|
5605
|
Moral blame is based on reason, since a reason is a cause which should have been followed
[Kant]
|
5606
|
Freedom and natural necessity do not contradict, as they relate to different conditions
[Kant]
|
5607
|
Only three proofs of God: the physico-theological (evidence), the cosmological (existence), the ontological (a priori)
[Kant]
|
18795
|
A concept is logically possible if non-contradictory (but may not be actually possible)
[Kant]
|
5608
|
Is "This thing exists" analytic or synthetic?
[Kant]
|
5609
|
If 'this exists' is analytic, either the thing is a thought, or you have presupposed its existence
[Kant]
|
5610
|
If an existential proposition is synthetic, you must be able to cancel its predicate without contradiction
[Kant]
|
5611
|
Being is not a real predicate, that adds something to a concept
[Kant]
|
5612
|
You add nothing to the concept of God or coins if you say they exist
[Kant]
|
4475
|
Saying a thing 'is' adds nothing to it - otherwise if my concept exists, it isn't the same as my concept
[Kant]
|
5613
|
The analytic mark of possibility is that it does not generate a contradiction
[Kant]
|
5615
|
Extension and impenetrability together make the concept of matter
[Kant]
|
5616
|
Pure reason is only concerned with itself because it deals with understandings, not objects
[Kant]
|
5617
|
Knowledge begins with intuitions, moves to concepts, and ends with ideas
[Kant]
|
16899
|
Geometrical truth comes from a general schema abstracted from a particular object
[Kant, by Burge]
|
18264
|
We know the shape of a cone from its concept, but we don't know its colour
[Kant]
|
5618
|
Definitions exhibit the exhaustive concept of a thing within its boundaries
[Kant]
|
5619
|
No a priori concept can be defined
[Kant]
|
5620
|
Philosophy has no axioms, as it is just rational cognition of concepts
[Kant]
|
5621
|
The existence of reason depends on the freedom of citizens to agree, doubt and veto ideas
[Kant]
|
5622
|
The boundaries of reason can only be determined a priori
[Kant]
|
5623
|
If I know the earth is a sphere, and I am on it, I can work out its area from a small part
[Kant]
|
5624
|
We possess synthetic a priori knowledge in our principles which anticipate experience
[Kant]
|
5626
|
An a priori principle of persistence anticipates all experience
[Kant]
|
23696
|
Transcendental cognition is that a priori thought which shows how the a priori is applicable or possible
[Kant]
|
5627
|
I can express the motion of my body in a single point, but that doesn't mean it is a simple substance
[Kant]
|
5628
|
Reason hates to be limited in its speculations
[Kant]
|
5629
|
If a proposition implies any false consequences, then it is false
[Kant]
|
5630
|
Our concept of an incorporeal nature is merely negative
[Kant]
|
5631
|
Reason is only interested in knowledge, actions and hopes
[Kant]
|
5632
|
Moral laws are commands, which must involve promises and threats, which only God could provide
[Kant]
|
5633
|
We don't accept duties as coming from God, but assume they are divine because they are duties
[Kant]
|
5634
|
Opinion is subjectively and objectively insufficient; belief is subjective but not objective; knowledge is both
[Kant]
|
5635
|
In ordinary life the highest philosophy is no better than common understanding
[Kant]
|
21457
|
Reason has two separate objects, morality and freedom, and nature, which ultimately unite
[Kant]
|
21954
|
Metaphysics is a systematic account of everything that can be known a priori
[Kant]
|