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Single Idea 20788
[filed under theme 5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 2. Logical Connectives / c. not
]
Full Idea
A double contradictory is the contradictory of a contradictory, for example, 'It s not the case that it is not day'. It posits that it is day.
Gist of Idea
The contradictory of a contradictory is an affirmation
Source
report of Stoic school (fragments/reports [c.200 BCE]) by Diogenes Laertius - Lives of Eminent Philosophers 07.69
Book Ref
'The Stoics Reader', ed/tr. Inwood,B/Gerson,L.P. [Hackett 2008], p.18
A Reaction
Seems like common sense to the stoics, but verifying the double negative may be a different procedure to verifying the affirmative. 'Are you happy?' 'Well ….I'm not unhappy'. 'Is it day yet?' 'Well, it's not night'.
The
91 ideas
from Stoic school
21594
|
Stoics applied bivalence to sorites situations, so everyone is either vicious or wholly virtuous
[Stoic school, by Williamson]
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20824
|
Stoics have four primary categories: substrates, qualities, dispositions, relative dispositions
[Stoic school, by Simplicius]
|
20817
|
Platonic Forms are just our thoughts
[Stoic school, by Ps-Plutarch]
|
21384
|
The Stoics saw the whole world as a city
[Stoic school, by Long]
|
6037
|
Stoics say matter has qualities, and substance underlies it, with no form or qualities
[Stoic school, by Chalcidius]
|
3556
|
Stoic 'nature' is deterministic, physical and teleological
[Stoic school, by Annas]
|
20826
|
How is separateness possible, if separated things are always said to be united?
[Alexander on Stoic school]
|
20825
|
How is divisibility possible, if stoics say things remain united when they are divided?
[Alexander on Stoic school]
|
20872
|
Stoics say wholes are more than parts, but entirely consist of parts
[Stoic school, by Sext.Empiricus]
|
20790
|
A proposition is possible if it is true when nothing stops it being true
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20789
|
Conditionals are false if the falsehood of the conclusion does not conflict with the antecedent
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20783
|
Knowledge is a secure grasp of presentations which cannot be reversed by argument
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20868
|
Two sorts of opinion: either poorly grounded belief, or weak belief
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
20784
|
There are non-sensible presentations, which come to us through the intellect
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20803
|
Stoics say we are born like a blank sheet of paper; the first concepts on it are sensations
[Stoic school, by Ps-Plutarch]
|
6025
|
At birth the soul is a blank sheet ready to be written on
[Stoic school, by Aetius]
|
20781
|
Non-graspable presentations are from what doesn't exist, or are not clear and distinct
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20792
|
Stoic perception is a presentation to which one voluntarily assents
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
20805
|
All our concepts come from experience, directly, or by expansion, reduction or compounding
[Stoic school, by Sext.Empiricus]
|
20782
|
Dialectic is a virtue which contains other virtues
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
1772
|
For Stoics knowledge is an assertion which never deviates from the truth
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20779
|
Demonstration derives what is less clear from what is clear
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
23251
|
The Stoics think that soul in the narrow sense is nothing but reason
[Stoic school, by Frede,M]
|
20809
|
Eight parts of the soul: five senses, seeds, speech and reason
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
23321
|
Division of the soul divides a person, reducing responsibility for the nonrational part
[Stoic school, by Frede,M]
|
23267
|
Stoics say the soul is a mixture of air and fire
[Stoic school, by Galen]
|
20785
|
Our conceptions arise from experience, similarity, analogy, transposition, composition and opposition
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
7502
|
For Stoics the true self is defined by what I can be master of
[Stoic school, by Foucault]
|
7672
|
The free will problem was invented by the Stoics
[Stoic school, by Berlin]
|
23327
|
Stoics expanded the idea of compulsion, and contracted what counts as one's own actions
[Stoic school, by Frede,M]
|
23315
|
The nearest to ancient determinism is Stoic fate, but that is controlled by a sympathetic God
[Stoic school, by Frede,M]
|
4014
|
Stoics classify passions according to the opinion of good and bad which they imply
[Stoic school, by Taylor,C]
|
23988
|
There are four basic emotions: pleasure or delight, distress, appetite, and fear
[Stoic school, by Cicero]
|
6594
|
Stoics said that correct judgement needs an invincible criterion of truth
[Stoic school, by Fogelin]
|
20804
|
Concepts are intellectual phantasms
[Stoic school, by Ps-Plutarch]
|
20786
|
Predicates are incomplete 'lekta'
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
23322
|
Humans have rational impressions, which are conceptual, and are true or false
[Stoic school, by Frede,M]
|
20777
|
Rhetoric has three types, four modes, and four sections
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
23323
|
Earlier Stoics speak of assent, but not of choice, let alone of a will
[Stoic school, by Frede,M]
|
23305
|
Stoics said responsibility depends on rationality
[Stoic school, by Sorabji]
|
1907
|
Stoics use 'kalon' (beautiful) as a synonym for 'agathon' (good)
[Bury on Stoic school]
|
22757
|
Stoics say that folly alone is evil
[Stoic school, by Sext.Empiricus]
|
20852
|
Rapture is a breakdown of virtue
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20846
|
Prime values apply to the life in agreement; useful values apply to the natural life
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
3553
|
Stoic morality says that one's own happiness will lead to impartiality
[Stoic school, by Annas]
|
20847
|
The appraiser's value is what is set by someone experienced in the facts
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20870
|
The goal is to live consistently with the constitution of a human being
[Stoic school, by Clement]
|
22238
|
Stoics said health is an 'indifferent', but they still considered it preferable
[Stoic school, by Pormann]
|
20861
|
The health of the soul is a good blend of beliefs
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
20851
|
Virtuous men do not feel sexual desire, which merely focuses on physical beauty
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
7499
|
Stoicism was an elitist option to lead a beautiful life
[Stoic school, by Foucault]
|
20843
|
Final goods: confidence, prudence, freedom, enjoyment and no pain, good spirits, virtue
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
22753
|
Happiness for the Stoics was an equable flow of life
[Stoic school, by Sext.Empiricus]
|
20865
|
Happiness is the end and goal, achieved by living virtuously, in agreement, and according to nature
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
20840
|
Stoics say pleasure is at most a byproduct of finding what is suitable for us
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
6895
|
If humans are citizens of the world (not just a state) then virtue is all good human habits
[Stoic school, by Mautner]
|
20848
|
An appropriate action is one that can be defended, perhaps by its consistency.
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
5073
|
Stoics do not despise external goods, but subject them to reason, and not to desire
[Taylor,R on Stoic school]
|
20862
|
Crafts like music and letters are virtuous conditions, and they accord with virtue
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
4012
|
The Stoics rejected entirely the high value that had been placed on contemplation
[Stoic school, by Taylor,C]
|
20844
|
Honour is just, courageous, orderly or knowledgeable. It is praiseworthy, or functions well
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
5072
|
For Stoics, obligations are determined by social role
[Taylor,R on Stoic school]
|
21396
|
Man is distinguished by knowing conditional truths, because impressions are connected
[Stoic school, by Long]
|
1781
|
Stoics favour a mixture of democracy, monarchy and aristocracy
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20859
|
The best government blends democracy, monarchy and aristocracy
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
3561
|
Stoics originated the concept of natural law, as agreed correct reasoning
[Stoic school, by Annas]
|
3046
|
Stoics say a wise man will commit suicide if he has a good enough reason
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20858
|
Suicide is reasonable, for one's country or friends, or because of very bad health
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
22743
|
Unlike Epicurus, Stoics distinguish the Whole from the All, with the latter including the void
[Stoic school, by Sext.Empiricus]
|
13296
|
The cosmos has two elements - passive matter, and active cause (or reason) which shapes it
[Stoic school, by Seneca]
|
20827
|
The cosmos is regularly consumed and reorganised by the primary fire
[Stoic school, by Aristocles]
|
7815
|
Early Stoics called the logos 'god', meaning not a being, but the principle of the universe
[Stoic school]
|
6038
|
Stoics say god is matter, or an inseparable quality of it, or is the power within it
[Stoic school, by Chalcidius]
|
20829
|
Virtuous souls endure till the end, foolish souls for a short time, animal souls not at all
[Stoic school, by Eusebius]
|
6039
|
Stoics say virtuous souls last till everything ends in fire, but foolish ones fade away
[Stoic school, by ]
|
20815
|
No wise man has yet been discovered
[Stoic school, by Cicero]
|
20854
|
Wise men are never astonished at things which other people take to be wonders
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20866
|
Wise men participate in politics, especially if it shows moral progress
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
20806
|
Stoic physics concerns cosmos, elements and causes (with six detailed divisions)
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20839
|
Ethics studies impulse, good, passion, virtue, goals, value, action, appropriateness, encouragement
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20867
|
True philosophising is not memorising ideas, but living by them
[Stoic school, by Stobaeus]
|
20776
|
Dialectics is mastery of question and answer form
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
21675
|
Some facts are indispensable for an effect, and others actually necessitate the effect
[Stoic school, by Cicero]
|
21810
|
The Stoics distinguished spoken logos from logos within the mind
[Stoic school, by Plotinus]
|
20775
|
Stoics study canons, criteria and definitions, in order to find the truth
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
21393
|
Stoics believed that rational capacity in man (logos) is embodied in the universe
[Stoic school, by Long]
|
20849
|
Falsehoods corrupt a mind, producing passions and instability
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
20823
|
The truth bearers are said to be the signified, or the signifier, or the meaning of the signifier
[Stoic school, by Sext.Empiricus]
|
20778
|
Stoics like syllogisms, for showing what is demonstrative, which corrects opinions
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|
21400
|
Stoics avoided universals by paraphrasing 'Man is...' as 'If something is a man, then it is...'
[Stoic school, by Long]
|
20788
|
The contradictory of a contradictory is an affirmation
[Stoic school, by Diog. Laertius]
|