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Full Idea
Zeno held (contrary to Xenocrates and others) that it was impossible for anything to be effected that lacked a body, and indeed that whatever effected something or was affected by something must be body.
Gist of Idea
A body is required for anything to have causal relations
Source
report of Zeno (Citium) (fragments/reports [c.294 BCE]) by M. Tullius Cicero - Academica I.39
Book Ref
'The Stoics Reader', ed/tr. Inwood,B/Gerson,L.P. [Hackett 2008], p.86
A Reaction
This seems to make stoics thoroughgoing physicalists, although they consider the mind to be made of refined fire, rather than of flesh.
| 14042 | The soul cannot be incorporeal, because then it could neither act nor be acted upon [Epicurus] |
| 20816 | A body is required for anything to have causal relations [Zeno of Citium, by Cicero] |
| 3941 | How can that which is unthinking be a cause of thought? [Berkeley] |
| 22100 | Experienced time means no two mental moments are ever alike [Bergson] |
| 6383 | Cause unites our picture of the universe; without it, mental and physical will separate [Davidson] |
| 6620 | Davidson sees identity as between events, not states, since they are related in causation [Davidson, by Lowe] |
| 3438 | Reductionists deny new causal powers at the higher level [Kim] |
| 3440 | Without reductionism, mental causation is baffling [Kim] |
| 7856 | It is absurd to think that physical effects are caused twice, so conscious causes must be physical [Papineau] |
| 4073 | Overdetermination occurs if two events cause an effect, when each would have caused it alone [Crane] |
| 7012 | If a car is a higher-level entity, distinct from its parts, how could it ever do anything? [Heil] |
| 4596 | The appeal of the identity theory is its simplicity, and its solution to the mental causation problem [Heil] |
| 2535 | The main argument for physicalism is its simple account of causation [Sturgeon] |