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Single Idea 21064

[filed under theme 24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 6. Liberalism / a. Liberalism basics ]

Full Idea

The civil state, regarded purely as a lawful state, is based on the following a priori principles. 1) the freedom of every member as a human being, 2) the equality of each as a subject, 3) the independence of each as a subject.

Gist of Idea

A lawful civil state must embody freedom, equality and independence for its members

Source

Immanuel Kant (True in Theory, but not in Practice [1792], 2 Intro)

Book Ref

Kant,Immanuel: 'Political Writings', ed/tr. Reiss,Hans [CUP 1996], p.74

A Reaction

Written in 1792, three years after the start of the French Revolution. He says that a state with an inbuilt hierarchy or aristocracy is unlawful. Which freedoms, equality in what respects, and independence from what?

The 25 ideas with the same theme [founding ideas of liberal politics]:

21064 A lawful civil state must embody freedom, equality and independence for its members [Kant]
7211 Prevention of harm to others is the only justification for exercising power over people [Mill]
23036 The good is identified by the capacities of its participants [Green,TH, by Muirhead]
22872 Liberals aim to allow individuals to realise their capacities [Dewey]
23170 Liberal opinions are tentative rather than dogmatic, and are always responsive to new evidence [Russell]
23172 Empiricist Liberalism is the only view for someone who favours scientific evidence and happiness [Russell]
23171 Empiricism is ethically superior, because dogmatism favours persecution and hatred [Russell]
23859 True democracy is the subordination of society to the individual [Weil]
23522 In an organised society all actions have some effect on other people [Hart,HLA]
15669 People endorse equality, universality and inclusiveness, just by their communicative practices [Habermas, by Finlayson]
21008 Liberalism does not need a comprehensive account of value [Nussbaum]
23390 In a liberal democracy all subjects of authority have a right to determine the authority [Kymlicka]
22862 Liberals take people as they are, and take their preferences to be their interests [Lukes]
22808 Liberalism is minimal government, or individual rights, or equality [Avineri/De-Shalit]
23081 Liberal basics are pluralism, freedom, rights, equality, and distributive justice - for autonomy [Kekes]
7593 Liberals focus on universal human freedom, natural rights, and tolerance [Scruton, by PG]
22261 Liberals say rights always come first, and justice is neutral on social values [Sandel]
21905 Liberal theory starts from the governed, not from the governor [May]
21117 Liberal citizens have a moral requirement to respect freedom and equality [Shorten]
22835 Liberals value freedom and equality, but the society itself must decide on its values [Charvet]
23128 The opposite of liberalism is dogmatism [Gopnik]
23142 People are fallible, so liberalism tries to distribute power [Gopnik]
23143 Liberals have tried very hard to build a conscience into their institutions [Gopnik]
22602 Over several centuries a set of eight main liberal values was established [Dunt]
24158 Liberalism wants separate powers, press freedom, independence and rule of law, and rights [Hutton]