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Single Idea 2202

[filed under theme 14. Science / C. Induction / 3. Limits of Induction ]

Full Idea

It is certain that the most ignorant and stupid peasants - nay infants, nay even brute beasts - improve by experience.

Clarification

Examples to show that induction is not rational

Gist of Idea

Fools, children and animals all learn from experience

Source

David Hume (Enquiry Conc Human Understanding [1748], IV.II.33)

Book Ref

Hume,David: 'Enquiries Conc. Human Understanding, Morals', ed/tr. Selby-Bigge/Nidditch [OUP 1975], p.39

The 32 ideas with the same theme [why induction cannot justify generalised truths]:

12293 We say 'so in cases of this kind', but how do you decide what is 'of this kind'? [Aristotle]
6027 From the fact that some men die, we cannot infer that they all do [Philodemus]
1886 If you don't view every particular, you may miss the one which disproves your universal induction [Sext.Empiricus]
5053 The instances confirming a general truth are never enough to establish its necessity [Leibniz]
2199 Reason cannot show why reliable past experience should extend to future times and remote places [Hume]
2201 Induction can't prove that the future will be like the past, since induction assumes this [Hume]
2202 Fools, children and animals all learn from experience [Hume]
2204 All inferences from experience are effects of custom, not reasoning [Hume]
2203 If we infer causes from repetition, this explains why we infer from a thousand objects what we couldn't infer from one [Hume]
19235 How does induction get started? [Peirce]
19236 Induction can never prove that laws have no exceptions [Peirce]
19251 The worst fallacy in induction is generalising one recondite property from a sample [Peirce]
22654 We can't know if the laws of nature are stable, but we must postulate it or assume it [James]
5390 Chickens are not very good at induction, and are surprised when their feeder wrings their neck [Russell]
5392 It doesn't follow that because the future has always resembled the past, that it always will [Russell]
5394 We can't prove induction from experience without begging the question [Russell]
5191 We can't use the uniformity of nature to prove induction, as that would be circular [Ayer]
7779 There is no such thing as induction [Popper, by Magee]
17685 Induction aims at 'all Fs', but abduction aims at hidden or theoretical entities [Armstrong]
13607 If events are unconnected, then induction cannot be solved [Ellis]
6952 Induction is 'defeasible', since additional information can invalidate it [Harman]
15255 Conjunctions explain nothing, and so do not give a reason for confidence in inductions [Harré/Madden]
15270 Hume's atomic events makes properties independent, and leads to problems with induction [Harré/Madden]
16823 Standard induction does not allow for vertical inferences, to some unobservable lower level [Lipton]
15713 The first million numbers confirm that no number is greater than a million [Kaplan/Kaplan]
15695 Children make errors in induction by focusing too much on categories [Gelman]
15694 Children overestimate the power of a single example [Gelman]
6791 If Hume is right about induction, there is no scientific knowledge [Bird]
6790 Anything justifying inferences from observed to unobserved must itself do that [Bird]
19668 Hume's question is whether experimental science will still be valid tomorrow [Meillassoux]
7295 Maybe induction is only reliable IF reality is stable [Mitchell,A]
14570 Nature is not completely uniform, and some regular causes sometimes fail to produce their effects [Mumford/Anjum]