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Single Idea 22628
[filed under theme 9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / d. Substance defined
]
Full Idea
Something must exist, then, and have qualities, without being itself either a quality or a relation. And this is Substance.
Gist of Idea
Substance has to exist, with no intrinsic qualities or relations
Source
J.M.E. McTaggart (The Nature of Existence vol.1 [1921], §67), quoted by R.D. Ingthorsson - A Powerful Particulars View of Causation 7.2
Book Ref
'Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Time', ed/tr. Callender,Craig [OUP 2013], p.109
A Reaction
Ingthorsson quotes this as 'the most extreme analytic view', which is a long way from the Aristotelian view. This is the implausible bare substrate.
The
37 ideas
with the same theme
[attempts to define what a substance consists of]:
598
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Democritus said that substances could never be mixed, so atoms are the substances
[Democritus, by Aristotle]
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8287
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Earlier Aristotle had objects as primary substances, but later he switched to substantial form
[Aristotle, by Lowe]
|
12350
|
Things are called 'substances' because they are subjects for everything else
[Aristotle]
|
11299
|
Substance [ousia] is the subject of predication and cause [aitia?] of something's existence
[Aristotle]
|
12060
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Essence (fixed by definition) is also 'ousia', so 'ousia' is both ultimate subject, and a this-thing
[Aristotle]
|
10941
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A substance is what-it-is-to-be, or the universal, or the genus, or the subject of saying
[Aristotle]
|
595
|
It is matter that turns out to be substance [ousia]
[Aristotle]
|
11290
|
Matter is not substance, because substance needs separability and thisness
[Aristotle]
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10959
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The substance is the form dwelling in the object
[Aristotle]
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12093
|
Substance is unified and universals are diverse, so universals are not substance
[Aristotle, by Witt]
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12362
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A thing's substance is its primary cause of being
[Aristotle]
|
607
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None of the universals can be a substance
[Aristotle]
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11233
|
In Aristotle, 'proté ousia' is 'primary being', and 'to hupokeimenon' is 'that which lies under' (or 'substance')
[Aristotle, by Politis]
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12079
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Substance is distinct being because of its unity
[Aristotle, by Witt]
|
5013
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A substance needs nothing else in order to exist
[Descartes]
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4813
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Substance is that of which an independent conception can be formed
[Spinoza]
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21857
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Substance is the power of self-actualisation
[Spinoza, by Lord]
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7945
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We think of substance as experienced qualities plus a presumed substratum of support
[Locke]
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12712
|
Substance is that which can act
[Leibniz]
|
12756
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Substance is a force for acting and being acted upon
[Leibniz]
|
11855
|
Substances cannot be bare, but have activity as their essence
[Leibniz]
|
7561
|
Substances are essentially active
[Leibniz, by Jolley]
|
13091
|
Leibnizian substances add concept, law, force, form and soul
[Leibniz, by Cover/O'Leary-Hawthorne]
|
3959
|
There is no other substance, in a strict sense, than spirit
[Berkeley]
|
6729
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Material substance is just general existence which can have properties
[Berkeley]
|
21451
|
All appearances need substance, as that which persists through change
[Kant]
|
5564
|
Substance must exist, as the persisting substratum of the process of change
[Kant]
|
22628
|
Substance has to exist, with no intrinsic qualities or relations
[McTaggart]
|
12047
|
We refer to persisting substances, in perception and in thought, and they aid understanding
[Wiggins]
|
7712
|
On substances, Leibniz emphasises unity, Spinoza independence, Locke relations to qualities
[Lowe]
|
16128
|
A 'substance' is an object which doesn't depend for existence on other objects
[Lowe]
|
13069
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The general assumption is that substances cannot possibly be non-substances
[Cover/O'Leary-Hawthorne]
|
12358
|
Substance is a principle and a kind of cause
[Wedin]
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7930
|
The bundle theory of substance implies the identity of indiscernibles
[Macdonald,C]
|
19347
|
Substance needs independence, unity, and stability (for individuation); also it is a subject, for predicates
[Perkins]
|
15391
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A substance is, roughly, a basic being or subject at the foundation of reality
[Robb]
|
18865
|
Substance must have two properties: individuation, and property-bearing
[Tallant]
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