more from this thinker     |     more from this text

Single Idea 23275

[filed under theme 24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / b. The natural life ]

Full Idea

The 'state of nature' is not an ideal condition, but a condition of injustice, of violence, of untamed natural drives, inhuman acts and emotions.

Gist of Idea

The state of nature is one of untamed brutality

Source

Georg W.F.Hegel (Introduction to the Philosophy of History [1840], 3)

Book Ref

Hegel,Georg W.F.: 'Introduction to the Philosophy of History', ed/tr. Rauch,Leo [Hackett 1988], p.43

A Reaction

He agrees with Hobbes, and disagrees with Rousseau. Hobbes's solution is authoritarian monarchy, but Hegel's solution is the unified and focused state, in which freedom can be realised.

The 24 ideas with the same theme [quality of human life in a state of nature]:

19889 People need society because the individual has too many needs [Plato]
5133 Man is by nature a social being [Aristotle]
20842 Rational animals begin uncorrupted, but externals and companions are bad influences [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius]
23346 A person is as naturally a part of a city as a foot is part of the body [Epictetus]
19764 Hobbes attributed to savages the passions which arise in a law-bound society [Hobbes, by Rousseau]
2367 In time of war the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short [Hobbes]
19882 We are not created for solitude, but are driven into society by our needs [Locke]
19906 All countries are in a mutual state of nature [Locke]
19962 Men do not desire to subjugate one another; domination is a complex and advanced idea [Montesquieu]
19961 Primitive people would be too vulnerable and timid to attack anyone, so peace would reign [Montesquieu]
19755 Most human ills are self-inflicted; the simple, solitary, regular natural life is good [Rousseau]
19762 Is language a pre-requisite for society, or might it emerge afterwards? [Rousseau]
19763 I doubt whether a savage person ever complains of life, or considers suicide [Rousseau]
19765 Savages avoid evil because they are calm, and never think of it (not because they know goodness) [Rousseau]
19771 Savage men quietly pursue desires, without the havoc of modern frenzied imagination [Rousseau]
19778 Leisure led to envy, inequality, vice and revenge, which we now see in savages [Rousseau]
19779 Primitive man was very gentle [Rousseau]
19751 Our two starting principles are concern for self-interest, and compassion for others [Rousseau]
19791 Natural mankind is too fragmented for states of peace, or of war and enmity [Rousseau]
21075 The state of nature always involves the threat of war [Kant]
23275 The state of nature is one of untamed brutality [Hegel]
22673 Wherever there is a small community, the association of the people is natural [Tocqueville]
23844 The most important human need is to have multiple roots [Weil]
20489 Human beings can never really flourish in a long-term state of nature [Wolff,J]