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Single Idea 2736
[filed under theme 11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 1. Certainty
]
Full Idea
The possibility of making certain of what we already know suggests that knowing a proposition does not entail its being certain.
Gist of Idea
We can make certain of what we know, so knowing does not entail certainty
Source
Robert Audi (Epistemology: contemporary introduction [1998], VIII p.220)
Book Ref
Audi,Robert: 'Epistemology: a contemporary introduction' [Routledge 1998], p.220
The
26 ideas
from 'Epistemology: contemporary introduction'
2716
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To see something as a field, I obviously need the concept of a field
[Audi,R]
|
2717
|
How could I see a field and believe nothing regarding it?
[Audi,R]
|
2718
|
Perception is first simple, then objectual (with concepts) and then propositional
[Audi,R]
|
2719
|
Sense data imply representative realism, possibly only representing primary qualities
[Audi,R]
|
2720
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Sense-data (and the rival 'adverbial' theory) are to explain illusions and hallucinations
[Audi,R]
|
2721
|
If you gradually remove a book's sensory properties, what is left at the end?
[Audi,R]
|
2722
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Sense-data theory is indirect realism, but phenomenalism is direct irrealism
[Audi,R]
|
2724
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I might remember someone I can't recall or image, by recognising them on meeting
[Audi,R]
|
2725
|
To remember something is to know it
[Audi,R]
|
2726
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We can be ignorant about ourselves, for example, our desires and motives
[Audi,R]
|
2715
|
Beliefs are based on perception, memory, introspection or reason
[Audi,R]
|
2727
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Red and green being exclusive colours seems to be rationally graspable but not analytic
[Audi,R]
|
2728
|
The concepts needed for a priori thought may come from experience
[Audi,R]
|
2729
|
Virtually all rationalists assert that we can have knowledge of synthetic a priori truths
[Audi,R]
|
2730
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Because 'gold is malleable' is necessary does not mean that it is analytic
[Audi,R]
|
2731
|
Justification is either unanchored (infinite or circular), or anchored (in knowledge or non-knowledge)
[Audi,R]
|
2732
|
Maths may be consistent with observations, but not coherent
[Audi,R]
|
2733
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It is very hard to show how much coherence is needed for justification
[Audi,R]
|
2734
|
A consistent madman could have a very coherent belief system
[Audi,R]
|
2735
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Could you have a single belief on its own?
[Audi,R]
|
2736
|
We can make certain of what we know, so knowing does not entail certainty
[Audi,R]
|
2737
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'Reliable' is a very imprecise term, and may even mean 'justified'
[Audi,R]
|
2738
|
Consistent accurate prediction looks like knowledge without justified belief
[Audi,R]
|
2739
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Internalism about justification implies that there is a right to believe something
[Audi,R]
|
2740
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A reliability theory of knowledge seems to involve truth as correspondence
[Audi,R]
|
2741
|
The principles of justification have to be a priori
[Audi,R]
|