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Single Idea 3085
[filed under theme 19. Language / D. Propositions / 1. Propositions
]
Full Idea
'Bob and John play golf' and 'John and Bob play golf' are equivalent; but if they were to be derived from the same underlying structure, one or the other of Bob and John would have to come first; and either possibility is arbitrary.
Gist of Idea
Sentences are different from propositions, since two sentences can express one proposition
Source
Gilbert Harman (Thought [1973], 6.4)
Book Ref
Harman,Gilbert: 'Thought' [Princeton 1977], p.94
A Reaction
If I watch Bob and John play golf, neither of them 'comes first'. A proposition about them need not involve 'coming first'. Only if you insist on formulating a sentence must you decide on that.
The
33 ideas
with the same theme
[ideas that exist independently from any language]:
20787
|
A proposition is what can be asserted or denied on its own
[Chrysippus]
|
22276
|
Bolzano saw propositions as objective entities, existing independently of us
[Bolzano, by Potter]
|
23205
|
Thought starts as ambiguity, in need of interpretation and narrowing
[Nietzsche]
|
14451
|
Propositions are mainly verbal expressions of true or false, and perhaps also symbolic thoughts
[Russell]
|
21543
|
If p is false, then believing not-p is knowing a truth, so negative propositions must exist
[Russell]
|
5781
|
Our important beliefs all, if put into words, take the form of propositions
[Russell]
|
5782
|
A proposition expressed in words is a 'word-proposition', and one of images an 'image-proposition'
[Russell]
|
5776
|
A proposition is what we believe when we believe truly or falsely
[Russell]
|
6091
|
Propositions don't name facts, because each fact corresponds to a proposition and its negation
[Russell]
|
14110
|
Proposition contain entities indicated by words, rather than the words themselves
[Russell]
|
18711
|
A proposition is any expression which can be significantly negated
[Wittgenstein]
|
13976
|
'Propositions' name what is thought, because 'thoughts' and 'judgments' are too ambiguous
[Ryle]
|
5162
|
Sentences only express propositions if they are meaningful; otherwise they are 'statements'
[Ayer]
|
8169
|
We can't distinguish a proposition from its content
[Dummett]
|
19158
|
'Humanity belongs to Socrates' is about humanity, so it's a different proposition from 'Socrates is human'
[Davidson]
|
14663
|
Are propositions and states of affairs two separate things, or only one? I incline to say one
[Plantinga]
|
3085
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Sentences are different from propositions, since two sentences can express one proposition
[Harman]
|
13944
|
We can pull apart assertion from utterance, and the action, the event and the subject-matter for each
[Cartwright,R]
|
13947
|
'It's raining' makes a different assertion on different occasions, but its meaning remains the same
[Cartwright,R]
|
16442
|
I take propositions to be truth conditions
[Stalnaker]
|
16447
|
A theory of propositions at least needs primitive properties of consistency and of truth
[Stalnaker]
|
6340
|
There are Fregean de dicto propositions, and Russellian de re propositions, or a mixture
[Horwich]
|
7702
|
The extreme views on propositions are Frege's Platonism and Quine's extreme nominalism
[Jacquette]
|
13962
|
Two-dimensional semantics gives a 'primary' and 'secondary' proposition for each statement
[Chalmers]
|
10966
|
A proposition objectifies what a sentence says, as indicative, with secure references
[Read]
|
9453
|
Sentences saying the same with the same rigid designators may still express different propositions
[Bealer]
|
9452
|
Propositions might be reduced to functions (worlds to truth values), or ordered sets of properties and relations
[Bealer]
|
19200
|
Propositions are standardly treated as possible worlds, or as structured
[Merricks]
|
19206
|
'Cicero is an orator' represents the same situation as 'Tully is an orator', so they are one proposition
[Merricks]
|
21656
|
Proposition have no content, because they are content
[Hofweber]
|
13233
|
Propositions commit to content, and not to any way of spelling it out
[Beall/Restall]
|
23491
|
There must exist a general form of propositions, which are predictabe. It is: such and such is the case
[Morris,M]
|
18920
|
'Socrates is wise' denotes a sentence; 'that Socrates is wise' denotes a proposition
[Engelbretsen]
|