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Single Idea 3876
[filed under theme 12. Knowledge Sources / A. A Priori Knowledge / 5. A Priori Synthetic
]
Full Idea
If my football team is losing 3-1, I seem to have synthetic a priori knowledge that they need two goals to achieve a draw
Gist of Idea
If my team is losing 3-1, I have synthetic a priori knowledge that they need two goals for a draw
Source
PG (Db (ideas) [2031])
The
211 ideas
from PG
11461
|
323 (roughly): Euclid wrote 'Elements', summarising all of geometry
[PG]
|
11390
|
1000 (roughly): Upanishads written (in Sanskrit); religious and philosophical texts
[PG]
|
11391
|
750 (roughly): the Book of Genesis written by Hebrew writers
[PG]
|
11392
|
586: eclipse of the sun on the coast of modern Turkey was predicted by Thales of Miletus
[PG]
|
11395
|
570: Anaximander flourished in Miletus
[PG]
|
11396
|
563: the Buddha born in northern India
[PG]
|
11398
|
540: Lao Tzu wrote 'Tao Te Ching', the basis of Taoism
[PG]
|
11400
|
529: Pythagoras created his secretive community at Croton in Sicily
[PG]
|
11403
|
500: Heraclitus flourishes at Ephesus, in modern Turkey
[PG]
|
11404
|
496: Confucius travels widely, persuading rulers to be more moral
[PG]
|
11408
|
472: Empedocles persuades his city (Acragas in Sicily) to become a democracy
[PG]
|
11412
|
450 (roughly): Parmenides and Zeno visit Athens from Italy
[PG]
|
11414
|
445: Protagoras helps write laws for the new colony of Thurii
[PG]
|
11417
|
436 (roughly): Anaxagoras is tried for impiety, and expelled from Athens
[PG]
|
11421
|
427: Gorgias visited Athens as ambassador for Leontini
[PG]
|
11425
|
399: Socrates executed (with Plato absent through ill health)
[PG]
|
11432
|
387 (roughly): Plato returned to Athens, and founded the Academy
[PG]
|
11433
|
387 (roughly): Aristippus the Elder founder a hedonist school at Cyrene
[PG]
|
11440
|
367: the teenaged Aristotle came to study at the Academy
[PG]
|
11443
|
360 (roughly): Diogenes of Sinope lives in a barrel in central Athens
[PG]
|
11445
|
347: death of Plato
[PG]
|
11454
|
343: Aristotle becomes tutor to 13 year old Alexander (the Great)
[PG]
|
11456
|
335: Arisotle founded his school at the Lyceum in Athens
[PG]
|
11459
|
330 (roughly): Chuang Tzu wrote his Taoist book
[PG]
|
11465
|
322: Aristotle retired to Chalcis, and died there
[PG]
|
11468
|
307 (roughly): Epicurus founded his school at the Garden in Athens
[PG]
|
11470
|
301 (roughly): Zeno of Citium founded Stoicism at the Stoa Poikile in Athens
[PG]
|
11483
|
261: Cleanthes replaced Zeno as head of the Stoa
[PG]
|
11486
|
229 (roughly): Chrysippus replaced Cleanthes has head of the Stoa
[PG]
|
11492
|
157 (roughly): Carneades became head of the Academy
[PG]
|
11509
|
85: most philosophical activity moves to Alexandria
[PG]
|
11513
|
78: Cicero visited the stoic school on Rhodes
[PG]
|
11516
|
60 (roughly): Lucretius wrote his Latin poem on epicureanism
[PG]
|
11528
|
65: Seneca forced to commit suicide by Nero
[PG]
|
11531
|
80: the discourses of the stoic Epictetus are written down
[PG]
|
11535
|
170 (roughly): Marcus Aurelius wrote his private stoic meditations
[PG]
|
11537
|
-200 (roughly): Sextus Empiricus wrote a series of books on scepticism
[PG]
|
11541
|
263: Porphyry began to study with Plotinus in Rome
[PG]
|
11545
|
310: Christianity became the official religion of the Roman empire
[PG]
|
11549
|
387: Ambrose converts Augustine to Christianity
[PG]
|
11555
|
523: Boethius imprisoned at Pavia, and begins to write
[PG]
|
11557
|
529: the emperor Justinian closes all the philosophy schools in Athens
[PG]
|
11558
|
622 (roughly): Mohammed writes the Koran
[PG]
|
11559
|
642: Arabs close the philosophy schools in Alexandria
[PG]
|
11560
|
910 (roughly): Al-Farabi wrote Arabic commentaries on Aristotle
[PG]
|
11562
|
1015 (roughly): Ibn Sina (Avicenna) writes a book on Aristotle
[PG]
|
11564
|
1090: Anselm publishes his proof of the existence of God
[PG]
|
11566
|
1115: Abelard is the chief logic teacher in Paris
[PG]
|
11573
|
1166: Ibn Rushd (Averroes) wrote extensive commentaries on Aristotle
[PG]
|
11581
|
1266: Aquinas began writing 'Summa Theologica'
[PG]
|
11586
|
1280: after his death, the teaching of Aquinas becomes official Dominican doctrine
[PG]
|
11591
|
1328: William of Ockham decides the Pope is a heretic, and moves to Munich
[PG]
|
17916
|
1347: the Church persecutes philosophical heresies
[PG]
|
11593
|
1470: Marsilio Ficino founds a Platonic Academy in Florence
[PG]
|
11596
|
1513: Machiavelli wrote 'The Prince'
[PG]
|
11599
|
1543: Copernicus publishes his heliocentric view of the solar system
[PG]
|
11601
|
1580: Montaigne publishes his essays
[PG]
|
11607
|
1600: Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in Rome
[PG]
|
11613
|
1619: Descartes's famous day of meditation inside a stove
[PG]
|
11614
|
1620: Bacon publishes 'Novum Organum'
[PG]
|
11619
|
1633: Galileo convicted of heresy by the Inquisition
[PG]
|
11623
|
1641: Descartes publishes his 'Meditations'
[PG]
|
11626
|
1650: death of Descartes, in Stockholm
[PG]
|
11627
|
1651: Hobbes publishes 'Leviathan'
[PG]
|
11633
|
1662: the Port Royal Logic is published
[PG]
|
11634
|
1665: Spinoza writes his 'Ethics'
[PG]
|
11643
|
1676: Leibniz settled as librarian to the Duke of Brunswick
[PG]
|
11649
|
1687: Newton publishes his 'Principia Mathematica'
[PG]
|
11652
|
1690: Locke publishes his 'Essay'
[PG]
|
11654
|
1697: Bayle publishes his 'Dictionary'
[PG]
|
11659
|
1713: Berkeley publishes his 'Three Dialogues'
[PG]
|
11666
|
1734: Voltaire publishes his 'Philosophical Letters'
[PG]
|
11667
|
1739: Hume publishes his 'Treatise'
[PG]
|
11675
|
1762: Rousseau publishes his 'Social Contract'
[PG]
|
11682
|
1781: Kant publishes his 'Critique of Pure Reason'
[PG]
|
11683
|
1785: Reid publishes his essays defending common sense
[PG]
|
11687
|
1798: the French Revolution
[PG]
|
11694
|
1807: Hegel publishes his 'Phenomenology of Spirit'
[PG]
|
11701
|
1818: Schopenhauer publishes his 'World as Will and Idea'
[PG]
|
11710
|
1840: Kierkegaard is writing extensively in Copenhagen
[PG]
|
11713
|
1843: Mill publishes his 'System of Logic'
[PG]
|
11715
|
1848: Marx and Engels publis the Communist Manifesto
[PG]
|
11717
|
1859: Darwin publishes his 'Origin of the Species'
[PG]
|
11721
|
1861: Mill publishes 'Utilitarianism'
[PG]
|
11724
|
1867: Marx begins publishing 'Das Kapital'
[PG]
|
11733
|
1879: Peirce taught for five years at Johns Hopkins University
[PG]
|
17907
|
1879: Frege invents predicate logic
[PG]
|
17909
|
1892: Frege's essay 'Sense and Reference'
[PG]
|
17908
|
1884: Frege publishes his 'Foundations of Arithmetic'
[PG]
|
11735
|
1885: Nietzsche completed 'Thus Spake Zarathustra'
[PG]
|
17911
|
1888: Dedekind publishes axioms for arithmetic
[PG]
|
11740
|
1890: James published 'Principles of Psychology'
[PG]
|
11742
|
1895 (roughly): Freud developed theories of the unconscious
[PG]
|
11745
|
1900: Husserl began developing Phenomenology
[PG]
|
11746
|
1903: Moore published 'Principia Ethica'
[PG]
|
11747
|
1904: Dewey became professor at Columbia University
[PG]
|
17910
|
1908: Zermelo publishes axioms for set theory
[PG]
|
11752
|
1910: Russell and Whitehead begin publishing 'Principia Mathematica'
[PG]
|
11756
|
1912: Russell meets Wittgenstein in Cambridge
[PG]
|
11762
|
1921: Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus' published
[PG]
|
11765
|
1927: Heidegger's 'Being and Time' published
[PG]
|
11768
|
1930: Frank Ramsey dies at 27
[PG]
|
11770
|
1931: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems
[PG]
|
11773
|
1933: Tarski's theory of truth
[PG]
|
11783
|
1942: Camus published 'The Myth of Sisyphus'
[PG]
|
11784
|
1943: Sartre's 'Being and Nothingness'
[PG]
|
11787
|
1945: Merleau-Ponty's 'Phenomenology of Perception'
[PG]
|
17918
|
1947: Carnap published 'Meaning and Necessity'
[PG]
|
11794
|
1950: Quine's essay 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism'
[PG]
|
17917
|
1953: Wittgenstein's 'Philosophical Investigations'
[PG]
|
17919
|
1956: Place proposed mind-brain identity
[PG]
|
11804
|
1962: Kuhn's 'Structure of Scientific Revolutions'
[PG]
|
17921
|
1967: Putnam proposed functionalism of the mind
[PG]
|
11808
|
1971: Rawls's 'A Theory of Justice'
[PG]
|
11810
|
1972: Kripke publishes 'Naming and Necessity'
[PG]
|
11813
|
1975: Singer publishes 'Animal Rights'
[PG]
|
17920
|
1975: Putnam published his Twin Earth example
[PG]
|
11820
|
1986: David Lewis publishes 'On the Plurality of Worlds'
[PG]
|
11301
|
Aisthesis: perception, sensation, consciousness
[PG]
|
11302
|
Aitia / aition: cause, explanation
[PG]
|
11303
|
Akrasia: lack of control, weakness of will
[PG]
|
11304
|
Aletheia: truth
[PG]
|
11305
|
Anamnesis: recollection, remembrance
[PG]
|
11306
|
Ananke: necessity
[PG]
|
11307
|
Antikeimenon: object
[PG]
|
11375
|
Apatheia: unemotional
[PG]
|
11308
|
Apeiron: the unlimited, indefinite
[PG]
|
11376
|
Aphairesis: taking away, abstraction
[PG]
|
11309
|
Apodeixis: demonstration
[PG]
|
11310
|
Aporia: puzzle, question, anomaly
[PG]
|
11311
|
Arche: first principle, the basic
[PG]
|
11312
|
Arete: virtue, excellence
[PG]
|
11313
|
Chronismos: separation
[PG]
|
11314
|
Diairesis: division
[PG]
|
11315
|
Dialectic: dialectic, discussion
[PG]
|
11316
|
Dianoia: intellection [cf. Noesis]
[PG]
|
11317
|
Diaphora: difference
[PG]
|
11318
|
Dikaiosune: moral goodness, justice
[PG]
|
11319
|
Doxa: opinion, belief
[PG]
|
11320
|
Dunamis: faculty, potentiality, capacity
[PG]
|
11321
|
Eidos: form, idea
[PG]
|
11322
|
Elenchos: elenchus, interrogation
[PG]
|
11323
|
Empeiron: experience
[PG]
|
11324
|
Energeia: employment, actuality, power?
[PG]
|
11325
|
Enkrateia: control
[PG]
|
11326
|
Entelecheia: entelechy, having an end
[PG]
|
11327
|
Epagoge: induction, explanation
[PG]
|
11328
|
Episteme: knowledge, understanding
[PG]
|
11329
|
Epithumia: appetite
[PG]
|
11330
|
Ergon: function
[PG]
|
11331
|
Eristic: polemic, disputation
[PG]
|
11333
|
Eudaimonia: flourishing, happiness, fulfilment
[PG]
|
11334
|
Genos: type, genus
[PG]
|
11335
|
Hexis: state, habit
[PG]
|
11336
|
Horismos: definition
[PG]
|
11338
|
Hupokeimenon: subject, underlying thing [cf. Tode ti]
[PG]
|
11339
|
Kalos / kalon: beauty, fineness, nobility
[PG]
|
11340
|
Kath' hauto: in virtue of itself, essentially
[PG]
|
11341
|
Kinesis: movement, process
[PG]
|
11342
|
Kosmos: order, universe
[PG]
|
11343
|
Logos: reason, account, word
[PG]
|
11344
|
Meson: the mean
[PG]
|
11345
|
Metechein: partaking, sharing
[PG]
|
11377
|
Mimesis: imitation, fine art
[PG]
|
11347
|
Noesis: intellection, rational thought [cf. Dianoia]
[PG]
|
11348
|
Nomos: convention, law, custom
[PG]
|
11349
|
Nous: intuition, intellect, understanding
[PG]
|
11350
|
Orexis: desire
[PG]
|
11351
|
Ousia: substance, (primary) being, [see 'Prote ousia']
[PG]
|
11352
|
Pathos: emotion, affection, property
[PG]
|
11353
|
Phantasia: imagination
[PG]
|
11354
|
Philia: friendship
[PG]
|
11355
|
Philosophia: philosophy, love of wisdom
[PG]
|
11356
|
Phronesis: prudence, practical reason, common sense
[PG]
|
11357
|
Physis: nature
[PG]
|
11358
|
Praxis: action, activity
[PG]
|
11359
|
Prote ousia: primary being
[PG]
|
11360
|
Psuche: mind, soul, life
[PG]
|
11361
|
Sophia: wisdom
[PG]
|
11362
|
Sophrosune: moderation, self-control
[PG]
|
11363
|
Stoicheia: elements
[PG]
|
11364
|
Sullogismos: deduction, syllogism
[PG]
|
11365
|
Techne: skill, practical knowledge
[PG]
|
11366
|
Telos: purpose, end
[PG]
|
11367
|
Theoria: contemplation
[PG]
|
11369
|
Ti esti: what-something-is, essence
[PG]
|
11370
|
Timoria: vengeance, punishment
[PG]
|
11371
|
To ti en einai: essence, what-it-is-to-be
[PG]
|
11372
|
To ti estin: essence
[PG]
|
11373
|
Tode ti: this-such, subject of predication [cf. hupokeimenon]
[PG]
|
4465
|
Note that "is" can assert existence, or predication, or identity, or classification
[PG]
|
7415
|
Question-begging assumes the proposition which is being challenged
[PG]
|
4686
|
Fallacies are errors in reasoning, 'formal' if a clear rule is breached, and 'informal' if more general
[PG]
|
7414
|
What is true of a set is also true of its members
[PG]
|
6696
|
The Ad Hominem Fallacy criticises the speaker rather than the argument
[PG]
|
4687
|
Minimal theories of truth avoid ontological commitment to such things as 'facts' or 'reality'
[PG]
|
6516
|
Monty Hall Dilemma: do you abandon your preference after Monty eliminates one of the rivals?
[PG]
|
24054
|
Everything has a probability, something will happen, and probabilities add up
[PG]
|
3875
|
If reality is just what we perceive, we would have no need for a sixth sense
[PG]
|
3876
|
If my team is losing 3-1, I have synthetic a priori knowledge that they need two goals for a draw
[PG]
|
7734
|
Maybe a mollusc's brain events for pain ARE of the same type (broadly) as a human's
[PG]
|
7735
|
Maybe a frog's brain events for fear are functionally like ours, but not phenomenally
[PG]
|
3877
|
Utilitarianism seems to justify the discreet murder of unhappy people
[PG]
|
3874
|
How could God know there wasn't an unknown force controlling his 'free' will?
[PG]
|
6126
|
Life is Movement, Respiration, Sensation, Nutrition, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth (MRS NERG)
[PG]
|
3873
|
An omniscient being couldn't know it was omniscient, as that requires information from beyond its scope of knowledge
[PG]
|