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Single Idea 4211
[filed under theme 26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 8. Particular Causation / c. Conditions of causation
]
Full Idea
In causation there is 'overdetermination' (c and d occurred, and were both sufficient for e), 'pre-emption' (c and d occurred, and d would have stepped in if c hadn't), or 'fail-safe' (if c hadn't occurred, d would have occurred and done it).
Gist of Idea
Causal overdetermination is either actual overdetermination, or pre-emption, or the fail-safe case
Source
E.J. Lowe (A Survey of Metaphysics [2002], p.179)
Book Ref
Lowe,E.J.: 'A Survey of Metaphysics' [OUP 2002], p.179
A Reaction
Two safety nets together, two safety nets spaced apart, or a second net which pops in if the first breaks. Nice distinctions.
The
19 ideas
with the same theme
[analysis of situation that leads to an event]:
588
|
We exercise to be fit, but need fitness to exercise
[Aristotle]
|
1895
|
Causes are either equal to the effect, or they link equally with other causes, or they contribute slightly
[Sext.Empiricus]
|
2272
|
There must be at least as much in the cause as there is in the effect
[Descartes]
|
17254
|
An effect needs a sufficient and necessary cause
[Hobbes]
|
8382
|
For Hume a constant conjunction is both necessary and sufficient for causation
[Hume, by Crane]
|
8345
|
A cause is the total of all the conditions which inevitably produce the result
[Mill]
|
8369
|
Causes are either sufficient, or necessary, or necessitated, or contingent upon
[Ducasse]
|
8373
|
When a brick and a canary-song hit a window, we ignore the canary if we are interested in the breakage
[Ducasse]
|
8360
|
We must further analyse conditions for causation, into quantifiers or modal concepts
[Wright,GHv]
|
8350
|
Since Mill causation has usually been explained by necessary and sufficient conditions
[Anscombe]
|
8343
|
Necessity and sufficiency are best suited to properties and generic events, not individual events
[Kim on Mackie]
|
8385
|
A cause is part of a wider set of conditions which suffices for its effect
[Mackie, by Crane]
|
8335
|
Necessary conditions are like counterfactuals, and sufficient conditions are like factual conditionals
[Mackie]
|
8336
|
The INUS account interprets single events, and sequences, causally, without laws being known
[Mackie]
|
8346
|
Full descriptions can demonstrate sufficiency of cause, but not necessity
[Davidson]
|
15217
|
Efficient causes combine stimulus to individuals, absence of contraints on activity
[Harré/Madden]
|
8330
|
Are causes sufficient for the event, or necessary, or both?
[Sosa/Tooley]
|
8407
|
A totality of conditions necessary for an occurrence is usually held to be jointly sufficient for it
[Sanford]
|
4211
|
Causal overdetermination is either actual overdetermination, or pre-emption, or the fail-safe case
[Lowe]
|