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Single Idea 5872

[filed under theme 23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 1. Virtue Theory / b. Basis of virtue ]

Full Idea

Excellence is the best disposition, state or capacity of anything that has some employment or function; this is evident from induction. For example, a cloak has an excellence - and a certain function and employment also; its best state is its excellence.

Clarification

'Excellence' is the Greek word 'areté', which also means 'virtue', including moral virtue

Gist of Idea

Excellence is the best state of anything (like a cloak) which has an employment or function

Source

Aristotle (Eudemian Ethics [c.333 BCE], 1219a02)

Book Ref

Aristotle: 'Eudemian Ethics I,II and VIII', ed/tr. Woods,Michael [OUP 1992], p.12

A Reaction

'Employment' will be an assigned function, and 'function' will be a natural or intrinsic function, I presume. This is a nice clear illustration of the fact that for Aristotle virtue runs continuously from people to cloaks. See Idea 1663, though.

Related Idea

Idea 1663 By 'areté' Socrates means just what we mean by moral virtue [Vlastos on Socrates]

The 22 ideas with the same theme [foundation and justification for belief in virtues]:

5149 The two main parts of the soul give rise to two groups of virtues - intellectual, and moral [Aristotle]
5156 How can good actions breed virtues, if you need to be virtuous to perform good actions? [Aristotle]
5157 If a thing has excellence, this makes the thing good, and means it functions well [Aristotle]
5872 Excellence is the best state of anything (like a cloak) which has an employment or function [Aristotle]
625 Is excellence separate from things, or part of them, or both? [Aristotle]
14060 Prudence is the greatest good, and more valuable than philosophy, because it produces virtue [Epicurus]
20855 Chrysippus says virtue can be lost (though Cleanthes says it is too secure for that) [Chrysippus, by Diog. Laertius]
5970 Chrysippus says nothing is blameworthy, as everything conforms with the best nature [Chrysippus, by Plutarch]
23181 All acts of virtue relate to justice, which is directed towards the common good [Aquinas]
21871 The more we strive for our own advantage, the more virtuous we are [Spinoza]
17210 All virtue is founded on self-preservation [Spinoza]
17214 To act virtuously is to act rationally [Spinoza]
12515 Actions are virtuous if they are judged praiseworthy [Locke]
6232 Every creature has a right and a wrong state which guide its actions, so there must be a natural end [Shaftesbury]
23672 To be virtuous, we must care about duty [Reid]
8097 Virtue is hard if we are scorned; we need support [Joubert]
14818 First morality is force, then custom, then acceptance, then instinct, then a pleasure - and finally 'virtue' [Nietzsche]
21742 Originally virtue was obedience, to gods, government, or custom [Russell]
22478 The essential thing is the 'needs' of plants and animals, and their operative parts [Foot]
22398 Virtues are corrective, to resist temptation or strengthen motivation [Foot]
5076 To Greeks it seemed obvious that the virtue of anything is the perfection of its function [Taylor,R]
20195 Eudaimonia first; virtue is a trait which promotes it; right acts are what virtues produce [Hursthouse, by Zagzebski]