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Full Idea
The three main theories of substance are the bundle theory (Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, Ayer), the bare substratum theory (Locke and Bergmann), and the essentialist theory.
Gist of Idea
A substance is either a bundle of properties, or a bare substratum, or an essence
Source
Cynthia Macdonald (Varieties of Things [2005], Ch.3)
Book Ref
Macdonald,Cynthia: 'Varieties of Things' [Blackwell 2005], p.81
A Reaction
Macdonald defends the essentialist theory. The essentialist view immediately appeals to me. Properties must be OF something, and the something must have the power to produce properties. So there.