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Single Idea 8832
[filed under theme 13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 3. Internal or External / b. Pro-externalism
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Full Idea
If one shares my view that justified belief is, at least roughly, well-formed belief, surely animals and young children can have justified beliefs.
Gist of Idea
If justified beliefs are well-formed beliefs, then animals and young children have them
Source
Alvin I. Goldman (What is Justified Belief? [1976], III)
Book Ref
'Epistemology - An Anthology', ed/tr. Sosa,E. /Kim,J. [Blackwell 2000], p.350
A Reaction
I take this to be a key hallmark of the externalist view of knowledge. Personally I think we should tell the animals that they have got true beliefs, but that they aren't bright enough to aspire to 'knowledge'. Be grateful for what you've got.
The
16 ideas
from Alvin I. Goldman
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4047
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Gestalt psychology proposes inbuilt proximity, similarity, smoothness and closure principles
[Goldman]
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4048
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Infant brains appear to have inbuilt ontological categories
[Goldman]
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4049
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The way in which colour experiences are evoked is physically odd and unpredictable
[Goldman]
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4044
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Rat behaviour reveals a considerable ability to count
[Goldman]
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4045
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Children may have three innate principles which enable them to learn to count
[Goldman]
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4043
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Elephants can be correctly identified from as few as three primitive shapes
[Goldman]
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4262
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If the only aim was consistent beliefs then new evidence and experiments would be irrelevant
[Goldman]
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6871
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We can't only believe things if we are currently conscious of their justification - there are too many
[Goldman]
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6872
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Internalism must cover Forgotten Evidence, which is no longer retrievable from memory
[Goldman]
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6873
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Coherent justification seems to require retrieving all our beliefs simultaneously
[Goldman]
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6874
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Internal justification needs both mental stability and time to compute coherence
[Goldman]
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6875
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Reliability involves truth, and truth is external
[Goldman]
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8831
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Introspection is really retrospection; my pain is justified by a brief causal history
[Goldman]
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8829
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Justification depends on the reliability of its cause, where reliable processes tend to produce truth
[Goldman]
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8830
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A belief can be justified when the person has forgotten the evidence for it
[Goldman]
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8832
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If justified beliefs are well-formed beliefs, then animals and young children have them
[Goldman]
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