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Single Idea 9266

[filed under theme 16. Persons / B. Nature of the Self / 6. Self as Higher Awareness ]

Full Idea

It is having second-order volitions, and not having second-order desires generally, that I regard as essential to being a person.

Clarification

'Volitions' are acts of will

Gist of Idea

A person essentially has second-order volitions, and not just second-order desires

Source

Harry G. Frankfurt (Freedom of the Will and concept of a person [1971], §II)

Book Ref

'Free Will', ed/tr. Watson,Gary [OUP 1982], p.86

A Reaction

Watson criticises Frankfurt for just pushing the problem up to the the next level, but Frankfurt is not offering to explain the will. He merely notes that this structure produces the sort of behaviour which is characteristic of persons, and he is right.

The 23 ideas from Harry G. Frankfurt

20015 Freedom of action needs the agent to identify with their reason for acting [Frankfurt, by Wilson/Schpall]
9264 Persons are distinguished by a capacity for second-order desires [Frankfurt]
9265 The will is the effective desire which actually leads to an action [Frankfurt]
9266 A person essentially has second-order volitions, and not just second-order desires [Frankfurt]
9270 A 'wanton' is not a person, because they lack second-order volitions [Frankfurt]
9267 Free will is the capacity to choose what sort of will you have [Frankfurt]
9269 A person may be morally responsible without free will [Frankfurt]
9233 Our criteria for evaluating how to live offer an answer to the problem [Frankfurt]
9232 It is by caring about things that we infuse the world with importance [Frankfurt]
9234 If you don't care about at least one thing, you can't find reasons to care about anything [Frankfurt]
9227 We might not choose a very moral life, if the character or constitution was deficient [Frankfurt]
9228 Ranking order of desires reveals nothing, because none of them may be considered important [Frankfurt]
9229 What is worthwhile for its own sake alone may be worth very little [Frankfurt]
9230 People want to fulfill their desires, but also for their desires to be sustained [Frankfurt]
9231 Freedom needs autonomy (rather than causal independence) - embracing our own desires and choices [Frankfurt]
9240 Love creates a necessity concerning what to care about [Frankfurt]
9241 Loving oneself is not a failing, but is essential to a successful life [Frankfurt]
9235 Rather than loving things because we value them, I think we value things because we love them [Frankfurt]
9236 Love can be cool, and it may not involve liking its object [Frankfurt]
9237 The paradigm case of pure love is not romantic, but that between parents and infants [Frankfurt]
9238 Morality isn't based on reason; moral indignation is quite unlike disapproval of irrationality [Frankfurt]
9239 I value my children for their sake, but I also value my love for them for its own sake [Frankfurt]
9300 Boredom is serious, not just uncomfortable; it threatens our psychic survival [Frankfurt]