more on this theme | more from this thinker | more from this text
Full Idea
Knowledge does not need minds, or even nervous systems. It is found in all living things.
Gist of Idea
Knowledge does not need minds or nervous systems; it is found in all living things
Source
John Gray (Straw Dogs [2002], 2.10)
Book Ref
Gray,John: 'Straw Dogs' [Granta 2002], p.59
A Reaction
I consider it a misnomer to call such things 'knowledge', for which I have much higher standards. Gray is talking about 'information'. Knowledge needs reasons, and possibility of error, not just anticipatory behaviour.