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19. Language / F. Communication / 6. Interpreting Language / a. Translation

[expressing meanings of one language in another language]

6 ideas
All translation loses some content (but language does not create reality) [Carnap]
We translate by means of proposition constituents, not by whole propositions [Wittgenstein]
Translation is too flimsy a notion to support theories of cultural incommensurability [Quine]
Mastery of a language requires thinking, and not just communication [Harman]
Early Quine says all beliefs could be otherwise, but later he said we would assume mistranslation [O'Grady]
Holism says language can't be translated; the expressibility hypothesis says everything can [Hofweber]