| 4013 | And God saw the light, that it was good [Anon (Tor)] |
| 1657 | Socrates holds that right reason entails virtue, and this must also apply to the gods [Vlastos on Socrates] |
| 336 | Is what is pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because they love it? (the 'Euthyphro Question') [Plato] |
| 337 | It seems that the gods love things because they are pious, rather than making them pious by loving them [Plato] |
| 2627 | I wonder whether loss of reverence for the gods would mean the end of all virtue [Cicero] |
| 1515 | Pythagoreans believe it is absurd to seek for goodness anywhere except with the gods [Iamblichus] |
| 23178 | Divine law commands some things because they are good, while others are good because commanded [Aquinas] |
| 7399 | Even without religion, there are many guides to morality [Bacon] |
| 6892 | Moral principles have some validity without a God commanding obedience [Grotius, by Mautner] |
| 19330 | If justice is arbitrary, or fixed but not observed, or not human justice, this undermines God [Leibniz] |
| 5642 | For Shaftesbury, we must already have a conscience to be motivated to religious obedience [Shaftesbury, by Scruton] |
| 18242 | Confucius shows that ethics can rest on reason, rather than on revelation [Wolff, by Korsgaard] |
| 5633 | We don't accept duties as coming from God, but assume they are divine because they are duties [Kant] |
| 8046 | We can only know we should obey God if we already have moral standards for judging God [Kant, by MacIntyre] |
| 3721 | We judge God to be good by a priori standards of moral perfection [Kant] |
| 6199 | Obligation does not rest on the existence of God, but on the autonomy of reason [Kant] |
| 3780 | We must judge a thing morally to know if it conforms to God's will [Bentham] |
| 19454 | A God needs justice, kindness and wisdom, but those concepts don't depend on the concept of God [Feuerbach] |
| 2609 | If God's decrees are good, and this is not a mere tautology, then goodness is separate from God's decrees [Russell] |
| 4350 | If people are virtuous in obedience to God, would they become wicked if they lost their faith? [Hursthouse] |