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25. Social Practice / C. Rights / 4. Property rights

[right to own land and personal possessions]

47 ideas
Property should be owned privately, but used communally [Aristotle]
Locke (and Marx) held that ownership of objects is a natural relation, based on the labour put into it [Locke, by Fogelin]
Locke says 'mixing of labour' entitles you to land, as well as nuts and berries [Wolff,J on Locke]
A man's labour gives ownership rights - as long as there are fair shares for all [Locke]
If a man mixes his labour with something in Nature, he thereby comes to own it [Locke]
Gathering natural fruits gives ownership; the consent of other people is irrelevant [Locke]
Fountain water is everyone's, but a drawn pitcher of water has an owner [Locke]
Mixing labour with a thing bestows ownership - as long as the thing is not wasted [Locke]
A man owns land if he cultivates it, to the limits of what he needs [Locke]
Soldiers can be commanded to die, but not to hand over their money [Locke]
It is certain that injustice requires property, since it is a violation of the right to property [Locke]
It is an exaggeration to say that property is the foundation of all government [Hume]
Hume thought (unlike Locke) that property is a merely conventional relationship [Hume, by Fogelin]
We all know that the history of property is founded on injustices [Hume]
Persuading other people that some land was 'owned' was the beginning of society [Rousseau]
What else could property arise from, but the labour people add to it? [Rousseau]
Land cultivation led to a general right of ownership, administered justly [Rousseau]
If we have a natural right to property, what exactly does 'belonging to' mean? [Rousseau]
Private property must always be subordinate to ownership by the whole community [Rousseau]
If someone has largely made something, then they own it [Kant]
Property is a sacred right, breached only when essential, and with fair compensation [Mirabeau/committee]
Man has an absolute right to appropriate things [Hegel]
Because only human beings can own property, everything else can become our property [Hegel]
A community does not have the property-owning rights that a person has [Hegel]
The owner of a thing is obviously the first person to freely take possession of it [Hegel]
Property is theft! [Proudhon]
The law says private property is the result of the general will [Marx/Engels]
The ground of property ownership is not force but the power to use it for social ends [Green,TH, by Muirhead]
Property is needed by all citizens, to empower them to achieve social goods [Green,TH]
To be someone you need property, and wanting more is healthy [Nietzsche]
The right to own land gives a legal right to a permanent income [Russell]
People need personal and collective property, and a social class lacking property is shameful [Weil]
It is plausible that no one has an initial right to own land and natural resources [Cohen,GA]
It is doubtful whether any private property was originally acquired legitimately [Cohen,GA]
Every thing which is now private started out as unowned [Cohen,GA]
Property is not essential for life, but it may be essential for independence [Taylor,C]
Property is legitimate by initial acquisition, voluntary transfer, or rectification of injustice [Nozick, by Swift]
Nozick assumes initial holdings include property rights, but we can challenge that [Kymlicka on Nozick]
How did the private property get started? If violence was involved, we can redistribute it [Kymlicka on Nozick]
If property is only initially acquired by denying the rights of others, Nozick can't get started [Kymlicka on Nozick]
Can I come to own the sea, by mixing my private tomato juice with it? [Nozick]
Unowned things may be permanently acquired, if it doesn't worsen the position of other people [Nozick]
Maybe land was originally collectively owned, rather than unowned? [Cohen,GA on Nozick]
Utilitarians might say property ownership encourages the best use of the land [Wolff,J]
Roman law entrenched property rights [Micklethwait/Wooldridge]
You can't necessarily sell your legitimate right to something, even if you produced it [Swift]
Libertarians about property ignore the fact that private property is a denial of freedoms [Swift]