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14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 4. Paradigm

[set framework for understanding nature]

4 ideas
Scientific thought is essentially a specialised part of Indo-European languages [Whorf]
     Full Idea: What we call "scientific thought" is a specialisation of the western Indo-European type of language.
     From: Benjamin Lee Whorf (An American Indian model of the Universe [1936], p.246)
     A reaction: This is the beginnings of an absurd extreme relativist view of science, based on a confusion about meaning and thought.
Switching scientific paradigms is a conversion experience [Kuhn]
     Full Idea: The transfer of allegiance from paradigm to paradigm is a conversion experience which cannot be forced.
     From: Thomas S. Kuhn (Structure of Scientific Revolutions (2nd ed) [1962]), quoted by Samir Okasha - Philosophy of Science: Very Short Intro (2nd ed) 5
     A reaction: This is the controversial part of Kuhn, which says that the most important decisions are not really rational. Anyone who thought the interpretation of a bunch of evidence is logical needed their head examined. But it IS rational.
Concepts are superior because they make us more aware, and change our thinking [Deleuze/Guattari]
     Full Idea: If one concept is 'better' than an earlier one, it is because it makes us aware of new variations and unknown resonances, it carries out unforeseen cuttings-out, it brings forth an Event that surveys (survole) us.
     From: G Deleuze / F Guattari (What is Philosophy? [1991], 1.1)
     A reaction: I don't get much of that, but it is certainly in tune with the Kuhn/Feyerabend idea that what science can generate is fresh visions, rather than precisely expanded truths. Personally I consider it dangerous nonsense, but I thought I ought to pass it on.
The periodic system is the big counterexample to Kuhn's theory of revolutionary science [Scerri]
     Full Idea: The history of the periodic system appears to be the supreme counterexample to Kuhn's thesis, whereby scientific developments proceed in a sudden, revolutionary fashion.
     From: Eric R. Scerri (The Periodic Table [2007], 03 'Rapid')
     A reaction: What is lovely about the periodic table is that it seems so wonderfully right, and hence no revolution has ever been needed. The big theories of physics and cosmology are much more precarious.