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25. Social Practice / C. Rights / 2. Moral rights

[what gives an entitlement to be treated morally]

4 ideas
You can't have a right to something you can't desire, so a foetus has no 'right' to life [Glover]
     Full Idea: It seems that the bearers of rights must at least have the capacity to desire what they have a right to, which is something the foetus does not have.
     From: Jonathan Glover (Causing Death and Saving Lives [1977], §9.4)
     A reaction: Obviously we could say a person has a right to something they don't desire (such as freedom). How about: a mental defective has the right not to be laughed at, even if they don't understand the mockery?
Being alive is not intrinsically good, and there is no 'right to life' [Glover]
     Full Idea: There is nothing intrinsically good in a person being alive, and the idea of a 'right to life' should be rejected.
     From: Jonathan Glover (Causing Death and Saving Lives [1977], §11.1)
     A reaction: If pleasure or benefit can be intrinsically good, I don't see why life can't be. The notion of a 'natural' or 'self-evident' right does look dubious to me. Rights are earned and given. Robinson Crusoe has no rights.
Too many options may open us to unwanted pressures, like being paid very little [LaFollette]
     Full Idea: Having options is not an unadulterated good. Options may make us vulnerable to unwanted pressure from others. For example, having the option to work for less than the minimum wage increases the chances of employers offering less.
     From: Hugh LaFollette (Introductions in 'Ethics in Practice' [2002], p.019)
     A reaction: [J.D. Velleman is cited for this] A nice point, beginning to articulate my growing feeling that although freedom is generally a virtue, it is the most overrated virtue.
Should people be forced to make choices? [LaFollette]
     Full Idea: Should we give people choices they might not want to have?
     From: Hugh LaFollette (Introductions in 'Ethics in Practice' [2002], p.020)
     A reaction: In personal life we encounter people who force us to make an unwanted choice (choose the wine, when you know nothing about wine). Politically, there is the sneaky move of giving unwanted choices, to disguise absence of desired choices.