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Ideas of Ian Hacking, by Text
[Canadian, b.1936, At theUniversity of Toronto, and at Stanford University.]
1975
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The Emergence of Probability
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Ch.1
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p.1
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7447
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Probability was fully explained between 1654 and 1812
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Ch.1
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p.1
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7448
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Probability is statistical (behaviour of chance devices) or epistemological (belief based on evidence)
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Ch.10
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p.86
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7459
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Follow maths for necessary truths, and jurisprudence for contingent truths
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Ch.2
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p.14
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7449
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Epistemological probability based either on logical implications or coherent judgments
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Ch.3
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p.22
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7450
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In the medieval view, only deduction counted as true evidence
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Ch.4
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p.32
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7451
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Formerly evidence came from people; the new idea was that things provided evidence
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Ch.4
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p.35
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7452
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An experiment is a test, or an adventure, or a diagnosis, or a dissection [PG]
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Ch.5
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p.46
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7454
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Gassendi is the first great empiricist philosopher
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§06.2
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p.233
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13833
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'Thinning' ('dilution') is the key difference between deduction (which allows it) and induction
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§06.3
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p.233
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13834
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Gentzen's Cut Rule (or transitivity of deduction) is 'If A |- B and B |- C, then A |- C'
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§08
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p.235
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13835
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Only Cut reduces complexity, so logic is constructive without it, and it can be dispensed with
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§09
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p.238
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13837
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With a pure notion of truth and consequence, the meanings of connectives are fixed syntactically
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§10
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p.239
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13838
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A decent modern definition should always imply a semantics
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§11
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p.242
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13839
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Perhaps variables could be dispensed with, by arrows joining places in the scope of quantifiers
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§13
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p.245
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13840
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First-order logic is the strongest complete compact theory with Löwenheim-Skolem
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§13
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p.246
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13842
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Second-order completeness seems to need intensional entities and possible worlds
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§13
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p.246
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13843
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If it is a logic, the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem holds for it
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§13
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p.247
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13844
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A limitation of first-order logic is that it cannot handle branching quantifiers
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§15
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p.250
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13845
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The various logics are abstractions made from terms like 'if...then' in English
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