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Ideas of Hermann von Helmholtz, by Text

[German, 1821 - 1894, Eventually Professor of Physics at Berlin University.]

1847	On the Conservation of Force

p.28

20646

Helmholtz used 'energy' to mathematically link heat, light, electricity and magnetism [Watson]

p.246

20973

All forces conserve the sum of kinetic and potential energy [Papineau]