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Ideas of Gregory L. Murphy, by Text

[American, fl. 2004, Professor of Psychology at New York University.]

2004 The Big Book of Concepts
Ch. 2 p.12 17969 The classical definitional approach cannot distinguish typical and atypical category members
Ch. 2 p.26 17970 Classical concepts follow classical logic, but concepts in real life don't work that way
Ch. 2 p.27 17971 Classical concepts are transitive hierarchies, but actual categories may be intransitive
Ch. 2 p.28 17972 The classical core is meant to be the real concept, but actually seems unimportant
Ch. 2 p.38 17973 The theoretical and practical definitions for the classical view are very hard to find
Ch. 2 p.40 17974 The most popular theories of concepts are based on prototypes or exemplars
Ch. 3 p.42 17975 There is no 'ideal' bird or dog, and prototypes give no information about variability
Ch. 3 p.42 17976 Prototypes are unified representations of the entire category (rather than of members)
Ch. 3 p.49 17977 The exemplar view of concepts says 'dogs' is the set of dogs I remember
Ch. 3 p.60 17978 We do not learn concepts in isolation, but as an integrated part of broader knowledge
Ch. 6 p.148 18687 Concepts with familiar contents are easier to learn
Ch. 6 p.168 18688 Some knowledge is involved in instant use of categories, other knowledge in explanations
Ch. 6 p.173 18689 People categorise things consistent with their knowledge, even rejecting some good evidence
Ch. 6 p.181 18690 Induction is said to just compare properties of categories, but the type of property also matters
Ch. 6 p.183 18691 The prototype theory uses observed features, but can't include their construction
Ch.13 p.479 17979 Research shows perceptual discrimination is sharper at category boundaries
Ch.13 p.483 17980 The main theories of concepts are exemplar, prototype and knowledge
Ch.13 p.485 17981 Children using knowing and essentialist categories doesn't fit the exemplar view
Ch.13 p.485 17982 Exemplar theory struggles with hierarchical classification and with induction
Ch.13 p.487 17984 Conceptual combination must be compositional, and can't be built up from exemplars
Ch.13 p.487 17983 The prototype theory handles hierarchical categories and combinations of concepts well
Ch.13 p.488 17985 Prototypes theory of concepts is best, as a full description with weighted typical features
Ch.13 p.492 17986 Learning concepts is forming prototypes with a knowledge structure
Ch.13 p.496 17987 The concept of birds from exemplars must also be used in inductions about birds