Ideas of Gregory L. Murphy, by Theme

[American, fl. 2004, Professor of Psychology at New York University.]

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12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 5. Interpretation
17979 Research shows perceptual discrimination is sharper at category boundaries
14. Science / C. Induction / 1. Induction
18690 Induction is said to just compare properties of categories, but the type of property also matters
18. Thought / D. Concepts / 1. Concepts / a. Nature of concepts
17980 The main theories of concepts are exemplar, prototype and knowledge
18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / c. Classical concepts
17973 The theoretical and practical definitions for the classical view are very hard to find
17969 The classical definitional approach cannot distinguish typical and atypical category members
17970 Classical concepts follow classical logic, but concepts in real life don't work that way
17971 Classical concepts are transitive hierarchies, but actual categories may be intransitive
17972 The classical core is meant to be the real concept, but actually seems unimportant
18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / d. Concepts as prototypes
17975 There is no 'ideal' bird or dog, and prototypes give no information about variability
17976 Prototypes are unified representations of the entire category (rather than of members)
18691 The prototype theory uses observed features, but can't include their construction
17983 The prototype theory handles hierarchical categories and combinations of concepts well
17985 Prototypes theory of concepts is best, as a full description with weighted typical features
17986 Learning concepts is forming prototypes with a knowledge structure
18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / e. Concepts from exemplars
17974 The most popular theories of concepts are based on prototypes or exemplars
17977 The exemplar view of concepts says 'dogs' is the set of dogs I remember
17981 Children using knowing and essentialist categories doesn't fit the exemplar view
17982 Exemplar theory struggles with hierarchical classification and with induction
17984 Conceptual combination must be compositional, and can't be built up from exemplars
17987 The concept of birds from exemplars must also be used in inductions about birds
18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / f. Theory theory of concepts
17978 We do not learn concepts in isolation, but as an integrated part of broader knowledge
18687 Concepts with familiar contents are easier to learn
18688 Some knowledge is involved in instant use of categories, other knowledge in explanations
18689 People categorise things consistent with their knowledge, even rejecting some good evidence