Ideas of Paul O'Grady, by Theme

[Irish, fl. 2002, At Trinity College, Dublin.]

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1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 5. Modern Philosophy / d. Contemporary philosophy

4697	There has been a distinct 'Social Turn' in recent philosophy, like the earlier 'Linguistic Turn'

2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 4. Aims of Reason

4731	Good reasoning will avoid contradiction, enhance coherence, not ignore evidence, and maximise evidence

2. Reason / E. Argument / 7. Thought Experiments

4735	Just as maps must simplify their subject matter, so thought has to be reductionist about reality

3. Truth / A. Truth Problems / 1. Truth

4701	To say a relative truth is inexpressible in other frameworks is 'weak', while saying it is false is 'strong'

4703	The epistemic theory of truth presents it as 'that which is licensed by our best theory of reality'

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 6. Classical Logic

4705	Logical relativism appears if we allow more than one legitimate logical system

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 1. Bivalence

4700	A third value for truth might be "indeterminate", or a point on a scale between 'true' and 'false'

5. Theory of Logic / E. Structures of Logic / 2. Logical Connectives / a. Logical connectives

4704	Wittgenstein reduced Russell's five primitive logical symbols to a mere one

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 4. Anti-realism

4711	Anti-realists say our theories (such as wave-particle duality) give reality incompatible properties

7. Existence / D. Theories of Reality / 8. Facts / a. Facts

4698	What counts as a fact partly depends on the availability of human concepts to describe them

9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / a. Individuation

4715	We may say that objects have intrinsic identity conditions, but still allow multiple accounts of them

10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 1. A Priori Necessary

4719	Maybe developments in logic and geometry have shown that the a priori may be relative

12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 4. Sense Data / d. Sense-data problems

4720	Sense-data are only safe from scepticism if they are primitive and unconceptualised

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 1. Justification / a. Justification issues

4722	Modern epistemology centres on debates about foundations, and about external justification

13. Knowledge Criteria / A. Justification Problems / 3. Internal or External / a. Pro-internalism

4724	Internalists say the reasons for belief must be available to the subject, and externalists deny this

13. Knowledge Criteria / B. Internal Justification / 5. Coherentism / a. Coherence as justification

4723	Coherence involves support from explanation and evidence, and also probability and confirmation

13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 1. Relativism

4709	Ontological relativists are anti-realists, who deny that our theories carve nature at the joints

13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 2. Knowledge as Convention

4725	Contextualism says that knowledge is relative to its context; 'empty' depends on your interests

14. Science / B. Scientific Theories / 5. Commensurability

4732	One may understand a realm of ideas, but be unable to judge their rationality or truth

19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 5. Meaning as Verification

4710	Verificationism was attacked by the deniers of the analytic-synthetic distinction, needed for 'facts'

19. Language / E. Analyticity / 3. Analytic and Synthetic

4717	If we abandon the analytic-synthetic distinction, scepticism about meaning may be inevitable

19. Language / F. Communication / 6. Interpreting Language / a. Translation

4706	Early Quine says all beliefs could be otherwise, but later he said we would assume mistranslation

19. Language / F. Communication / 6. Interpreting Language / c. Principle of charity

4734	Cryptographers can recognise that something is a language, without translating it

29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 1. Religious Commitment / e. Fideism

4727	The chief problem for fideists is other fideists who hold contrary ideas