| 11313 | Chronismos: separation |
| 11314 | Diairesis: division |
| 11315 | Dialectic: dialectic, discussion |
| 11316 | Dianoia: intellection [cf. Noesis] |
| 11317 | Diaphora: difference |
| 11318 | Dikaiosune: moral goodness, justice |
| 11319 | Doxa: opinion, belief |
| 11320 | Dunamis: faculty, potentiality, capacity |
| 11321 | Eidos: form, idea |
| 11322 | Elenchos: elenchus, interrogation |
| 11323 | Empeiron: experience |
| 11324 | Energeia: employment, actuality, power? |
| 11325 | Enkrateia: control |
| 11326 | Entelecheia: entelechy, having an end |
| 11327 | Epagoge: induction, explanation |
| 11328 | Episteme: knowledge, understanding |
| 11329 | Epithumia: appetite |
| 11330 | Ergon: function |
| 11331 | Eristic: polemic, disputation |
| 11332 | Eros: love |
| 11333 | Eudaimonia: flourishing, happiness, fulfilment |
| 11334 | Genos: type, genus |
| 11335 | Hexis: state, habit |
| 11336 | Horismos: definition |
| 11337 | Hule: matter |
| 11338 | Hupokeimenon: subject, underlying thing [cf. Tode ti] |
| 11339 | Kalos / kalon: beauty, fineness, nobility |
| 11340 | Kath' hauto: in virtue of itself, essentially |
| 11341 | Kinesis: movement, process |
| 11342 | Kosmos: order, universe |
| 11343 | Logos: reason, account, word |
| 11344 | Meson: the mean |
| 11345 | Metechein: partaking, sharing |
| 11377 | Mimesis: imitation, fine art |
| 11346 | Morphe: form |
| 11347 | Noesis: intellection, rational thought [cf. Dianoia] |
| 11348 | Nomos: convention, law, custom |
| 11349 | Nous: intuition, intellect, understanding |
| 11350 | Orexis: desire |
| 11351 | Ousia: substance, (primary) being, [see 'Prote ousia'] |
| 11352 | Pathos: emotion, affection, property |
| 11353 | Phantasia: imagination |
| 11354 | Philia: friendship |
| 11355 | Philosophia: philosophy, love of wisdom |
| 11356 | Phronesis: prudence, practical reason, common sense |
| 11357 | Physis: nature |
| 11358 | Praxis: action, activity |
| 11359 | Prote ousia: primary being |
| 11360 | Psuche: mind, soul, life |
| 11361 | Sophia: wisdom |
| 11362 | Sophrosune: moderation, self-control |
| 11363 | Stoicheia: elements |
| 11364 | Sullogismos: deduction, syllogism |
| 11365 | Techne: skill, practical knowledge |
| 11366 | Telos: purpose, end |
| 11367 | Theoria: contemplation |
| 11368 | Theos: god |
| 11369 | Ti esti: what-something-is, essence |
| 11370 | Timoria: vengeance, punishment |
| 11371 | To ti en einai: essence, what-it-is-to-be |
| 11372 | To ti estin: essence |
| 11373 | Tode ti: this-such, subject of predication [cf. hupokeimenon] |
| 11300 | Agathon: good |
| 11301 | Aisthesis: perception, sensation, consciousness |
| 11302 | Aitia / aition: cause, explanation |
| 11303 | Akrasia: lack of control, weakness of will |
| 11304 | Aletheia: truth |
| 11305 | Anamnesis: recollection, remembrance |
| 11306 | Ananke: necessity |
| 11307 | Antikeimenon: object |
| 11375 | Apatheia: unemotional |
| 11308 | Apeiron: the unlimited, indefinite |
| 11376 | Aphairesis: taking away, abstraction |
| 11309 | Apodeixis: demonstration |
| 11310 | Aporia: puzzle, question, anomaly |
| 11311 | Arche: first principle, the basic |
| 11312 | Arete: virtue, excellence |
| 11461 | 323 (roughly): Euclid wrote 'Elements', summarising all of geometry |
| 11390 | 1000 (roughly): Upanishads written (in Sanskrit); religious and philosophical texts |
| 11391 | 750 (roughly): the Book of Genesis written by Hebrew writers |
| 11392 | 586: eclipse of the sun on the coast of modern Turkey was predicted by Thales of Miletus |
| 11395 | 570: Anaximander flourished in Miletus |
| 11396 | 563: the Buddha born in northern India |
| 11398 | 540: Lao Tzu wrote 'Tao Te Ching', the basis of Taoism |
| 11400 | 529: Pythagoras created his secretive community at Croton in Sicily |
| 11403 | 500: Heraclitus flourishes at Ephesus, in modern Turkey |
| 11404 | 496: Confucius travels widely, persuading rulers to be more moral |
| 11408 | 472: Empedocles persuades his city (Acragas in Sicily) to become a democracy |
| 11412 | 450 (roughly): Parmenides and Zeno visit Athens from Italy |
| 11414 | 445: Protagoras helps write laws for the new colony of Thurii |
| 11417 | 436 (roughly): Anaxagoras is tried for impiety, and expelled from Athens |
| 11421 | 427: Gorgias visited Athens as ambassador for Leontini |
| 11425 | 399: Socrates executed (with Plato absent through ill health) |
| 11432 | 387 (roughly): Plato returned to Athens, and founded the Academy |
| 11433 | 387 (roughly): Aristippus the Elder founder a hedonist school at Cyrene |
| 11440 | 367: the teenaged Aristotle came to study at the Academy |
| 11443 | 360 (roughly): Diogenes of Sinope lives in a barrel in central Athens |
| 11445 | 347: death of Plato |
| 11454 | 343: Aristotle becomes tutor to 13 year old Alexander (the Great) |
| 11456 | 335: Arisotle founded his school at the Lyceum in Athens |
| 11459 | 330 (roughly): Chuang Tzu wrote his Taoist book |
| 11465 | 322: Aristotle retired to Chalcis, and died there |
| 11468 | 307 (roughly): Epicurus founded his school at the Garden in Athens |
| 11470 | 301 (roughly): Zeno of Citium founded Stoicism at the Stoa Poikile in Athens |
| 11483 | 261: Cleanthes replaced Zeno as head of the Stoa |
| 11486 | 229 (roughly): Chrysippus replaced Cleanthes has head of the Stoa |
| 11492 | 157 (roughly): Carneades became head of the Academy |
| 11509 | 85: most philosophical activity moves to Alexandria |
| 11513 | 78: Cicero visited the stoic school on Rhodes |
| 11516 | 60 (roughly): Lucretius wrote his Latin poem on epicureanism |
| 11528 | 65: Seneca forced to commit suicide by Nero |
| 11531 | 80: the discourses of the stoic Epictetus are written down |
| 11535 | 170 (roughly): Marcus Aurelius wrote his private stoic meditations |
| 11537 | -200 (roughly): Sextus Empiricus wrote a series of books on scepticism |
| 11541 | 263: Porphyry began to study with Plotinus in Rome |
| 11545 | 310: Christianity became the official religion of the Roman empire |
| 11549 | 387: Ambrose converts Augustine to Christianity |
| 11555 | 523: Boethius imprisoned at Pavia, and begins to write |
| 11557 | 529: the emperor Justinian closes all the philosophy schools in Athens |
| 11558 | 622 (roughly): Mohammed writes the Koran |
| 11559 | 642: Arabs close the philosophy schools in Alexandria |
| 11560 | 910 (roughly): Al-Farabi wrote Arabic commentaries on Aristotle |
| 11562 | 1015 (roughly): Ibn Sina (Avicenna) writes a book on Aristotle |
| 11564 | 1090: Anselm publishes his proof of the existence of God |
| 11566 | 1115: Abelard is the chief logic teacher in Paris |
| 11573 | 1166: Ibn Rushd (Averroes) wrote extensive commentaries on Aristotle |
| 11581 | 1266: Aquinas began writing 'Summa Theologica' |
| 11586 | 1280: after his death, the teaching of Aquinas becomes official Dominican doctrine |
| 11591 | 1328: William of Ockham decides the Pope is a heretic, and moves to Munich |
| 17916 | 1347: the Church persecutes philosophical heresies |
| 11593 | 1470: Marsilio Ficino founds a Platonic Academy in Florence |
| 11596 | 1513: Machiavelli wrote 'The Prince' |
| 11599 | 1543: Copernicus publishes his heliocentric view of the solar system |
| 11601 | 1580: Montaigne publishes his essays |
| 11607 | 1600: Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in Rome |
| 11682 | 1781: Kant publishes his 'Critique of Pure Reason' |
| 11683 | 1785: Reid publishes his essays defending common sense |
| 11687 | 1798: the French Revolution |
| 11694 | 1807: Hegel publishes his 'Phenomenology of Spirit' |
| 11701 | 1818: Schopenhauer publishes his 'World as Will and Idea' |
| 11710 | 1840: Kierkegaard is writing extensively in Copenhagen |
| 11713 | 1843: Mill publishes his 'System of Logic' |
| 11715 | 1848: Marx and Engels publis the Communist Manifesto |
| 11717 | 1859: Darwin publishes his 'Origin of the Species' |
| 11721 | 1861: Mill publishes 'Utilitarianism' |
| 11724 | 1867: Marx begins publishing 'Das Kapital' |
| 11613 | 1619: Descartes's famous day of meditation inside a stove |
| 11614 | 1620: Bacon publishes 'Novum Organum' |
| 11619 | 1633: Galileo convicted of heresy by the Inquisition |
| 11623 | 1641: Descartes publishes his 'Meditations' |
| 11626 | 1650: death of Descartes, in Stockholm |
| 11627 | 1651: Hobbes publishes 'Leviathan' |
| 11633 | 1662: the Port Royal Logic is published |
| 11634 | 1665: Spinoza writes his 'Ethics' |
| 11643 | 1676: Leibniz settled as librarian to the Duke of Brunswick |
| 11649 | 1687: Newton publishes his 'Principia Mathematica' |
| 11652 | 1690: Locke publishes his 'Essay' |
| 11654 | 1697: Bayle publishes his 'Dictionary' |
| 11659 | 1713: Berkeley publishes his 'Three Dialogues' |
| 11666 | 1734: Voltaire publishes his 'Philosophical Letters' |
| 11667 | 1739: Hume publishes his 'Treatise' |
| 11675 | 1762: Rousseau publishes his 'Social Contract' |
| 11733 | 1879: Peirce taught for five years at Johns Hopkins University |
| 17907 | 1879: Frege invents predicate logic |
| 17909 | 1892: Frege's essay 'Sense and Reference' |
| 17908 | 1884: Frege publishes his 'Foundations of Arithmetic' |
| 11735 | 1885: Nietzsche completed 'Thus Spake Zarathustra' |
| 17911 | 1888: Dedekind publishes axioms for arithmetic |
| 11740 | 1890: James published 'Principles of Psychology' |
| 11742 | 1895 (roughly): Freud developed theories of the unconscious |
| 11745 | 1900: Husserl began developing Phenomenology |
| 11746 | 1903: Moore published 'Principia Ethica' |
| 11747 | 1904: Dewey became professor at Columbia University |
| 17910 | 1908: Zermelo publishes axioms for set theory |
| 11752 | 1910: Russell and Whitehead begin publishing 'Principia Mathematica' |
| 11756 | 1912: Russell meets Wittgenstein in Cambridge |
| 11762 | 1921: Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus' published |
| 11765 | 1927: Heidegger's 'Being and Time' published |
| 11768 | 1930: Frank Ramsey dies at 27 |
| 11770 | 1931: Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems |
| 11773 | 1933: Tarski's theory of truth |
| 11783 | 1942: Camus published 'The Myth of Sisyphus' |
| 11784 | 1943: Sartre's 'Being and Nothingness' |
| 11787 | 1945: Merleau-Ponty's 'Phenomenology of Perception' |
| 17918 | 1947: Carnap published 'Meaning and Necessity' |
| 11794 | 1950: Quine's essay 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism' |
| 17917 | 1953: Wittgenstein's 'Philosophical Investigations' |
| 17919 | 1956: Place proposed mind-brain identity |
| 11804 | 1962: Kuhn's 'Structure of Scientific Revolutions' |
| 17921 | 1967: Putnam proposed functionalism of the mind |
| 11808 | 1971: Rawls's 'A Theory of Justice' |
| 11810 | 1972: Kripke publishes 'Naming and Necessity' |
| 11813 | 1975: Singer publishes 'Animal Rights' |
| 17920 | 1975: Putnam published his Twin Earth example |
| 11820 | 1986: David Lewis publishes 'On the Plurality of Worlds' |
| 4465 | Note that "is" can assert existence, or predication, or identity, or classification |
| 4686 | Fallacies are errors in reasoning, 'formal' if a clear rule is breached, and 'informal' if more general |
| 7415 | Question-begging assumes the proposition which is being challenged |
| 7414 | What is true of a set is also true of its members |
| 6696 | The Ad Hominem Fallacy criticises the speaker rather than the argument |
| 4687 | Minimal theories of truth avoid ontological commitment to such things as 'facts' or 'reality' |
| 6516 | Monty Hall Dilemma: do you abandon your preference after Monty eliminates one of the rivals? |
| 24054 | Everything has a probability, something will happen, and probabilities add up |
| 3875 | If reality is just what we perceive, we would have no need for a sixth sense |
| 3876 | If my team is losing 3-1, I have synthetic a priori knowledge that they need two goals for a draw |
| 7734 | Maybe a mollusc's brain events for pain ARE of the same type (broadly) as a human's |
| 7735 | Maybe a frog's brain events for fear are functionally like ours, but not phenomenally |
| 3877 | Utilitarianism seems to justify the discreet murder of unhappy people |
| 6126 | Life is Movement, Respiration, Sensation, Nutrition, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth (MRS NERG) |
| 3873 | An omniscient being couldn't know it was omniscient, as that requires information from beyond its scope of knowledge |
| 3874 | How could God know there wasn't an unknown force controlling his 'free' will? |