Ideas from 'The Big Book of Concepts' by Gregory L. Murphy [2004], by Theme Structure
[found in 'The Big Book of Concepts' by Murphy,Gregory L. [MIT 2004,978-0-262-63299-7]].
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12. Knowledge Sources / B. Perception / 5. Interpretation
17979
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Research shows perceptual discrimination is sharper at category boundaries
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14. Science / C. Induction / 1. Induction
18690
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Induction is said to just compare properties of categories, but the type of property also matters
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18. Thought / D. Concepts / 1. Concepts / a. Nature of concepts
17980
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The main theories of concepts are exemplar, prototype and knowledge
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18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / c. Classical concepts
17969
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The classical definitional approach cannot distinguish typical and atypical category members
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17973
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The theoretical and practical definitions for the classical view are very hard to find
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17970
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Classical concepts follow classical logic, but concepts in real life don't work that way
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17971
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Classical concepts are transitive hierarchies, but actual categories may be intransitive
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17972
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The classical core is meant to be the real concept, but actually seems unimportant
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18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / d. Concepts as prototypes
17975
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There is no 'ideal' bird or dog, and prototypes give no information about variability
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17976
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Prototypes are unified representations of the entire category (rather than of members)
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18691
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The prototype theory uses observed features, but can't include their construction
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17983
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The prototype theory handles hierarchical categories and combinations of concepts well
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17985
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Prototypes theory of concepts is best, as a full description with weighted typical features
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17986
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Learning concepts is forming prototypes with a knowledge structure
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18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / e. Concepts from exemplars
17974
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The most popular theories of concepts are based on prototypes or exemplars
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17977
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The exemplar view of concepts says 'dogs' is the set of dogs I remember
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17987
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The concept of birds from exemplars must also be used in inductions about birds
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17982
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Exemplar theory struggles with hierarchical classification and with induction
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17981
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Children using knowing and essentialist categories doesn't fit the exemplar view
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17984
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Conceptual combination must be compositional, and can't be built up from exemplars
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18. Thought / D. Concepts / 4. Structure of Concepts / f. Theory theory of concepts
17978
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We do not learn concepts in isolation, but as an integrated part of broader knowledge
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18687
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Concepts with familiar contents are easier to learn
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18688
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Some knowledge is involved in instant use of categories, other knowledge in explanations
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18689
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People categorise things consistent with their knowledge, even rejecting some good evidence
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