Ideas from 'Causation and Laws of Nature' by Jonathan Schaffer [2008], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics' (ed/tr Sider/Hawthorne/Zimmerman) [Blackwell 2008,978-1-4051-1229-1]].
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1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 3. Analysis of Preconditions
14600
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Analysis aims at secure necessary and sufficient conditions
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2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 1. Fallacy
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'Reification' occurs if we mistake a concept for a thing
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4. Formal Logic / D. Modal Logic ML / 3. Modal Logic Systems / d. System T
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T adds □p→p for reflexivity, and is ideal for modeling lawhood
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6. Mathematics / C. Sources of Mathematics / 4. Mathematical Empiricism / b. Indispensability of mathematics
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If a notion is ontologically basic, it should be needed in our best attempt at science
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7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 2. Reduction
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Three types of reduction: Theoretical (of terms), Definitional (of concepts), Ontological (of reality)
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8. Modes of Existence / B. Properties / 13. Tropes / a. Nature of tropes
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Tropes are the same as events
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9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / a. Individuation
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Individuation aims to count entities, by saying when there is one
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10. Modality / D. Knowledge of Modality / 4. Conceivable as Possible / a. Conceivable as possible
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Only ideal conceivability could indicate what is possible
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