Ideas from 'A Free Will' by Michael Frede [1997], by Theme Structure

[found in 'A Free Will' by Frede,Michael [Univ of California 2011,978-0-520-27266-8]].

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1. Philosophy / C. History of Philosophy / 2. Ancient Philosophy / e. Late classical philosophy

23326

In the third century Stoicism died out, replaced by Platonism, with Aristotelian ethics

23335

In late antiquity nearly all philosophers were monotheists

16. Persons / F. Free Will / 2. Sources of Free Will

23337

The Stoics needed free will, to allow human choices in a divinely providential cosmos

23333

The idea of free will achieved universal acceptance because of Christianity

23334

For Christians man has free will by creation in God's image (as in Genesis)

20. Action / B. Preliminaries of Action / 2. Willed Action / a. Will to Act

23336

There is no will for Plato or Aristotle, because actions come directly from perception of what is good

29. Religion / A. Polytheistic Religion / 4. Dualist Religion

23313

The Gnostic demiurge (creator) is deluded, and doesn't care about us