Ideas from 'Essays on Intellectual Powers 6: Judgement' by Thomas Reid [1785], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Inquiry and Essays' by Reid,Thomas (ed/tr Beanblossom /K.Lehrer) [Hackett 1983,0-915145-85-5]].

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1. Philosophy / F. Analytic Philosophy / 5. Linguistic Analysis

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The existence of tensed verbs shows that not all truths are necessary truths

2. Reason / F. Fallacies / 7. Ad Hominem

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An ad hominem argument is good, if it is shown that the man's principles are inconsistent

11. Knowledge Aims / B. Certain Knowledge / 4. The Cogito

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If someone denies that he is thinking when he is conscious of it, we can only laugh

11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 1. Perceptual Realism / b. Direct realism

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The existence of ideas is no more obvious than the existence of external objects

11. Knowledge Aims / C. Knowing Reality / 4. Solipsism

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We are only aware of other beings through our senses; without that, we are alone in the universe

12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 1. Common Sense

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In obscure matters the few must lead the many, but the many usually lead in common sense

12. Knowledge Sources / E. Direct Knowledge / 4. Memory

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The theory of ideas, popular with philosophers, means past existence has to be proved

15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 1. Consciousness / a. Consciousness

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Consciousness is an indefinable and unique operation

18. Thought / A. Modes of Thought / 8. Human Thought

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The structure of languages reveals a uniformity in basic human opinions

18. Thought / E. Abstraction / 2. Abstracta by Selection

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If you can't distinguish the features of a complex object, your notion of it would be a muddle

21. Aesthetics / A. Aesthetic Experience / 3. Taste

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There are axioms of taste - such as a general consensus about a beautiful face