Ideas from 'Natural Kinds' by Willard Quine [1969], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Ontological Relativity and Other Essays' by Quine,Willard [Columbia 1969,0-231-08357-2]].
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1. Philosophy / G. Scientific Philosophy / 3. Scientism
16943
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Philosophy is continuous with science, and has no external vantage point
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6. Mathematics / A. Nature of Mathematics / 2. Geometry
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Klein summarised geometry as grouped together by transformations
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7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 8. Stuff / a. Pure stuff
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Mass terms just concern spread, but other terms involve both spread and individuation
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8. Modes of Existence / C. Powers and Dispositions / 6. Dispositions / a. Dispositions
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Once we know the mechanism of a disposition, we can eliminate 'similarity'
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8. Modes of Existence / C. Powers and Dispositions / 6. Dispositions / d. Dispositions as occurrent
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We judge things to be soluble if they are the same kind as, or similar to, things that do dissolve
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14. Science / A. Basis of Science / 3. Experiment
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Science is common sense, with a sophisticated method
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14. Science / C. Induction / 1. Induction
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Induction relies on similar effects following from each cause
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Induction is just more of the same: animal expectations
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14. Science / C. Induction / 5. Paradoxes of Induction / a. Grue problem
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Grue is a puzzle because the notions of similarity and kind are dubious in science
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15. Nature of Minds / C. Capacities of Minds / 7. Seeing Resemblance
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General terms depend on similarities among things
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16938
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To learn yellow by observation, must we be told to look at the colour?
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Standards of similarity are innate, and the spacing of qualities such as colours can be mapped
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16947
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Similarity is just interchangeability in the cosmic machine
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19. Language / C. Assigning Meanings / 3. Predicates
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Projectible predicates can be universalised about the kind to which they refer
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 1. Natural Kinds
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Quine probably regrets natural kinds now being treated as essences [Dennett]
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16935
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If similarity has no degrees, kinds cannot be contained within one another
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16936
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Comparative similarity allows the kind 'colored' to contain the kind 'red'
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 3. Knowing Kinds
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You can't base kinds just on resemblance, because chains of resemblance are a muddle
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 4. Regularities / a. Regularity theory
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It is hard to see how regularities could be explained
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