Ideas from 'Metaphysics of Morals II:Doctrine of Virtue' by Immanuel Kant [1797], by Theme Structure
[found in 'The Metaphysics of Morals' by Kant,Immanuel (ed/tr Gregor,Mary) [CUP 1991,0-521-31657-x]].
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1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 1. Nature of Wisdom
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21422
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Moral self-knowledge is the beginning of all human wisdom
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1. Philosophy / E. Nature of Metaphysics / 6. Metaphysics as Conceptual
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21408
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For any subject, its system of non-experiential concepts needs a metaphysics
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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason
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21416
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Philosophers should not offer multiple proofs - suggesting the weakness of each of them
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10. Modality / B. Possibility / 1. Possibility
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21410
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That a concept is not self-contradictory does not make what it represents possible
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16. Persons / A. Concept of a Person / 4. Persons as Agents
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21421
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Within nature man is unimportant, but as moral person he is above any price
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / a. Preconditions for ethics
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21415
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Duty is impossible without prior moral feeling, conscience, love and self-respect
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / h. Expressivism
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21409
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Moral principles do not involve feelings
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22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / f. Ultimate value
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21431
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The love of man is required in order to present the world as a beautiful and perfect moral whole
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21437
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All morality directs the will to love of others' ends, and respect for others' rights
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22. Metaethics / B. Value / 2. Values / g. Love
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21429
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The duty of love is to makes the ends of others one's own
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 1. Virtue Theory / a. Nature of virtue
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21411
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A duty of virtue is a duty which is also an end
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21413
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Virtue is strong maxims for duty
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21414
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The supreme principle of virtue is to find universal laws for ends
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / c. Motivation for virtue
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21436
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We are obliged to show the social virtues, but at least they make a virtuous disposition fashionable
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / d. Teaching virtue
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21419
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If virtue becomes a habit, that is a loss of the freedom needed for adopting maxims
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / f. The Mean
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21417
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How do we distinguish a mean? The extremes can involve quite different maxims
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21420
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If virtue is the mean between vices, then virtue is just the vanishing of vice
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / j. Unity of virtue
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21418
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There is one principle of virtues; the virtues are distinguished by their objects
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / h. Respect
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21425
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We can love without respect, and show respect without love
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21428
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Respect is purely negative (of not exalting oneself over others), and is thus a duty of Right
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21426
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Love urges us to get closer to people, but respect to keep our distance
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21427
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Respect is limiting our self-esteem by attending to the human dignity of other persons
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21430
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Disrespect is using a person as a mere means to my own ends
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21434
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We must respect the humanity even in a vicious criminal
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24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / a. Human distinctiveness
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21412
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Humans are distinguished from animals by their capacity to set themselves any sort of end
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21435
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Man is both social, and unsociable
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25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / b. Retribution for crime
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21433
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Violation of rights deserves punishment, which is vengeance, rather than restitution
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25. Social Practice / F. Life Issues / 6. Animal Rights
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21423
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Men can only have duties to those who qualify as persons
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21424
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Cruelty to animals is bad because it dulls our empathy for pain in humans
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