Ideas from 'Philosophy of Logic' by Willard Quine [1970], by Theme Structure

[found in 'Philosophy of Logic' by Quine,Willard [Prentice-Hall 1970,0-13-663625-x]].

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2. Reason / B. Laws of Thought / 3. Non-Contradiction

9023	If you say that a contradiction is true, you change the meaning of 'not', and so change the subject

3. Truth / F. Semantic Truth / 2. Semantic Truth

9012	Talk of 'truth' when sentences are mentioned; it reminds us that reality is the point of sentences

3. Truth / H. Deflationary Truth / 1. Redundant Truth

9011	Truth is redundant for single sentences; we do better to simply speak the sentence

4. Formal Logic / B. Propositional Logic PL / 2. Tools of Propositional Logic / e. Axioms of PL

9013	We can eliminate 'or' from our basic theory, by paraphrasing 'p or q' as 'not(not-p and not-q)'

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 1. Overview of Logic

9020	My logical grammar has sentences by predication, then negation, conjunction, and existential quantification

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 3. Value of Logic

9028	Maybe logical truth reflects reality, but in different ways in different languages

5. Theory of Logic / A. Overview of Logic / 7. Second-Order Logic

10014

Quine rejects second-order logic, saying that predicates refer to multiple objects [Hodes]

10828

Quantifying over predicates is treating them as names of entities

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 2. Excluded Middle

9024	Excluded middle has three different definitions

5. Theory of Logic / D. Assumptions for Logic / 4. Identity in Logic

10012

Quantification theory can still be proved complete if we add identity

5. Theory of Logic / F. Referring in Logic / 1. Naming / f. Names eliminated

9016	Names are not essential, because naming can be turned into predication

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 1. Quantification

9015	Universal quantification is widespread, but it is definable in terms of existential quantification

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 4. Substitutional Quantification

9025	You can't base quantification on substituting names for variables, if the irrationals cannot all be named

9026	Some quantifications could be false substitutionally and true objectually, because of nameless objects

5. Theory of Logic / G. Quantification / 5. Second-Order Quantification

10705

Putting a predicate letter in a quantifier is to make it the name of an entity

5. Theory of Logic / I. Semantics of Logic / 3. Logical Truth

9027	A sentence is logically true if all sentences with that grammatical structure are true

8. Modes of Existence / B. Properties / 12. Denial of Properties

9017	Predicates are not names; predicates are the other parties to predication

9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 1. Physical Objects

9018	A physical object is the four-dimensional material content of a portion of space-time

9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 4. Four-Dimensionalism

9019	Four-d objects helps predication of what no longer exists, and quantification over items from different times

10. Modality / B. Possibility / 8. Conditionals / b. Types of conditional

9014	Some conditionals can be explained just by negation and conjunction: not(p and not-q)

19. Language / A. Nature of Meaning / 8. Synonymy

9009	Single words are strongly synonymous if their interchange preserves truth

19. Language / D. Propositions / 6. Propositions Critique

9007	It makes no sense to say that two sentences express the same proposition

9008	There is no rule for separating the information from other features of sentences

9010	We can abandon propositions, and just talk of sentences and equivalence

19. Language / F. Communication / 5. Pragmatics / a. Contextual meaning

9021	A good way of explaining an expression is saying what conditions make its contexts true