Ideas from 'Authority and the Individual' by Bertrand Russell [1949], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Authority and the Individual' by Russell,Bertrand [Unwin 1977,0-04-170030-9]].
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / e. Human nature
23154
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We divide mankind into friend and foe, and cooperate with one and compete with the other
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24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 1. A People / c. A unified people
23153
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Gradually loyalty to a creed increased, which could even outweigh nationality
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23152
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Increasingly war expands communities, and unifies them through fear
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23155
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In early societies the leaders needed cohesion, but the rest just had to obey
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24. Political Theory / A. Basis of a State / 2. Population / b. State population
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The economic and political advantages of great size seem to have no upper limit
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24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 1. Purpose of a State
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Government has a negative purpose, to prevent trouble, and a positive aim of realising our desires
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24. Political Theory / C. Ruling a State / 2. Leaders / b. Monarchy
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A monarch is known to everyone in the group, and can thus unite large groups
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24. Political Theory / C. Ruling a State / 4. Changing the State / b. Devolution
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Power should be with smaller bodies, as long as it doesn't restrict central powers
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24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 2. Anarchism
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In an anarchy universities, research, books, and even seaside holidays, would be impossible
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23168
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A state is essential, to control greedy or predatory impulses
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24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 5. Democracy / f. Against democracy
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In democracy we are more aware of being governed than of our tiny share in government
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24. Political Theory / D. Ideologies / 8. Socialism
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Managers are just as remote from workers under nationalisation as under capitalism
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23165
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Socialists say economic justice needs some state control of industries, and of foreign trade
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23160
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Being a slave of society is hardly better than being a slave of a despot
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25. Social Practice / A. Freedoms / 1. Slavery
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Slavery began the divorce between the work and the purposes of the worker
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25. Social Practice / B. Equalities / 1. Grounds of equality
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Slaves can be just as equal as free people
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25. Social Practice / B. Equalities / 4. Economic equality
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Scarce goods may be denied entirely, to avoid their unequal distribution
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25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 1. Basis of justice
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Modern justice is seen as equality, apart from modest extra rewards for exceptional desert
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