Ideas from 'Natural Goodness' by Philippa Foot [2001], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Natural Goodness' by Foot,Philippa [OUP 2003,0-19-926547-x]].
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1. Philosophy / A. Wisdom / 1. Nature of Wisdom
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Wisdom only implies the knowledge achievable in any normal lifetime
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20. Action / C. Motives for Action / 3. Acting on Reason / a. Practical reason
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All criterions of practical rationality derive from goodness of will
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / b. Rational ethics
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Moral reason is not just neutral, because morality is part of the standard of rationality [Hacker-Wright]
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Practical rationality must weigh both what is morally and what is non-morally required
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / e. Human nature
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Moral virtues arise from human nature, as part of what makes us good human beings [Hacker-Wright]
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / k. Ethics from nature
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Sterility is a human defect, but the choice to be childless is not
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Virtues are as necessary to humans as stings are to bees
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22. Metaethics / B. Value / 1. Nature of Value / b. Fact and value
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Moral evaluations are not separate from facts, but concern particular facts about functioning
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22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 2. Happiness / a. Nature of happiness
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Deep happiness usually comes from the basic things in life
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Happiness is enjoying the pursuit and attainment of right ends
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23. Ethics / A. Egoism / 1. Ethical Egoism
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Good actions can never be justified by the good they brings to their agent
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23. Ethics / B. Contract Ethics / 5. Free Rider
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We all know that just pretending to be someone's friend is not the good life
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / e. Character
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Someone is a good person because of their rational will, not their body or memory
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23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 7. Existential Action
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Refraining from murder is not made good by authenticity or self-fulfilment
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