Ideas from 'Introduction - Ontology' by William Lycan [1999], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Mind and Cognition (2nd Edn)' (ed/tr Lycan,William) [Blackwell 1999,0-631-20545-4]].
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7. Existence / C. Structure of Existence / 3. Levels of Reality
5500
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Biologists see many organic levels, 'abstract' if seen from below, 'structural' if seen from above
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9. Objects / F. Identity among Objects / 6. Identity between Objects
5494
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'Lightning is electric discharge' and 'Phosphorus is Venus' are synthetic a posteriori identities
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17. Mind and Body / C. Functionalism / 2. Machine Functionalism
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Functionalism has three linked levels: physical, functional, and mental
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17. Mind and Body / C. Functionalism / 5. Teleological Functionalism
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A mental state is a functional realisation of a brain state when it serves the purpose of the organism
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26. Natural Theory / A. Speculations on Nature / 2. Natural Purpose / c. Purpose denied
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People are trying to explain biological teleology in naturalistic causal terms
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