Ideas from 'Eight Theories of Ethics' by Gordon Graham [2004], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Eight Theories of Ethics' by Graham,Gordon [Routledge 2004,0-415-31589-1]].
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13. Knowledge Criteria / E. Relativism / 3. Subjectivism
6685
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'Subjectivism' is an extension of relativism from the social group to the individual
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22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 1. Nature of Ethics / g. Moral responsibility
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The chain of consequences may not be the same as the chain of responsibility
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22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 1. Goodness / g. Consequentialism
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Negative consequences are very hard (and possibly impossible) to assess
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22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 1. Goodness / i. Moral luck
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We can't criticise people because of unforeseeable consequences
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23. Ethics / A. Egoism / 1. Ethical Egoism
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Egoism submits to desires, but cannot help form them
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23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 2. Elements of Virtue Theory / h. Right feelings
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Rescue operations need spontaneous benevolence, not careful thought
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23. Ethics / D. Deontological Ethics / 4. Categorical Imperative
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'What if everybody did that?' rather misses the point as an objection to cheating
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23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 1. Existentialism
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It is more plausible to say people can choose between values, than that they can create them
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23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 2. Nihilism
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Life is only absurd if you expected an explanation and none turns up
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23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 5. Existence-Essence
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Existentialism may transcend our nature, unlike eudaimonism
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23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 6. Authentic Self
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A standard problem for existentialism is the 'sincere Nazi'
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23. Ethics / F. Existentialism / 7. Existential Action
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The key to existentialism: the way you make choices is more important than what you choose
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29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 1. Religious Commitment / a. Religious Belief
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The great religions are much more concerned with the religious life than with ethics
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29. Religion / D. Religious Issues / 2. Immortality / a. Immortality
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Western religion saves us from death; Eastern religion saves us from immortality
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