Ideas from 'The Art of Rhetoric' by Aristotle [350 BCE], by Theme Structure

[found in 'The Art of Rhetoric' by Aristotle (ed/tr Lawson-Tancred,H.C.) [Penguin 1991,0-14-044510-2]].

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2. Reason / A. Nature of Reason / 1. On Reason
Desired responsible actions result either from rational or from irrational desire
2. Reason / C. Styles of Reason / 1. Dialectic
It is the role of dialectic to survey syllogisms
14. Science / A. Basis of Science / 6. Falsification
A single counterexample is enough to prove that a truth is not necessary
14. Science / C. Induction / 1. Induction
Nobody fears a disease which nobody has yet caught
19. Language / F. Communication / 1. Rhetoric
Rhetoric is a political offshoot of dialectic and ethics
21. Aesthetics / A. Aesthetic Experience / 5. Natural Beauty
Pentathletes look the most beautiful, because they combine speed and strength
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / e. Human nature
Men are physically prime at thirty-five, and mentally prime at forty-nine
22. Metaethics / A. Ethics Foundations / 2. Source of Ethics / j. Ethics by convention
We all feel universal right and wrong, independent of any community or contracts
22. Metaethics / C. The Good / 2. Happiness / d. Routes to happiness
Happiness is composed of a catalogue of internal and external benefits
23. Ethics / A. Egoism / 1. Ethical Egoism
Self-interest is a relative good, but nobility an absolute good
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 1. Virtue Theory / a. Nature of virtue
The best virtues are the most useful to others
All good things can be misused, except virtue
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 3. Virtues / f. Compassion
The young feel pity from philanthropy, but the old from self-concern
23. Ethics / C. Virtue Theory / 4. External Goods / c. Wealth
Rich people are mindlessly happy
24. Political Theory / B. Nature of a State / 3. Constitutions
The four constitutions are democracy (freedom), oligarchy (wealth), aristocracy (custom), tyranny (security)
25. Social Practice / D. Justice / 3. Punishment / b. Retribution for crime
It is noble to avenge oneself on one's enemies, and not come to terms with them
26. Natural Theory / C. Causation / 5. Direction of causation
People assume events cause what follows them