Ideas from 'Substance and Individuation in Leibniz' by Cover,J/O'Leary-Hawthorne,J [1999], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Substance and Individuation in Leibniz' by Cover,J/O'Leary-Hawthorne,J [CUP 1999,978-0-521-07303-5]].
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8. Modes of Existence / A. Relations / 1. Nature of Relations
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13076
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Scholastics treat relations as two separate predicates of the relata
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9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / a. Individuation
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13102
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If you individuate things by their origin, you still have to individuate the origins themselves
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13103
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Numerical difference is a symmetrical notion, unlike proper individuation
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9. Objects / A. Existence of Objects / 5. Individuation / d. Individuation by haecceity
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13104
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Haecceity as property, or as colourless thisness, or as singleton set
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9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / a. Substance
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13100
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Maybe 'substance' is more of a mass-noun than a count-noun
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9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / c. Types of substance
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13068
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We can ask for the nature of substance, about type of substance, and about individual substances
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9. Objects / B. Unity of Objects / 2. Substance / d. Substance defined
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13069
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The general assumption is that substances cannot possibly be non-substances
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9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 7. Essence and Necessity / a. Essence as necessary properties
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13072
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Modern essences are sets of essential predicate-functions
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17080
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Modern essentialists express essence as functions from worlds to extensions for predicates
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9. Objects / E. Objects over Time / 12. Origin as Essential
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13101
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Necessity-of-origin won't distinguish ex nihilo creations, or things sharing an origin
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10. Modality / E. Possible worlds / 3. Transworld Objects / a. Transworld identity
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13081
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Even extreme modal realists might allow transworld identity for abstract objects
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14. Science / D. Explanation / 2. Types of Explanation / c. Explanations by coherence
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13071
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We can go beyond mere causal explanations if we believe in an 'order of being'
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